Иллюстрация 3

Словарная статья слова mouth

«Сокращенного оксфордского словаря»

(The Shorter Oxford Dictionary on Historical Principles) 1933 г.

MOUTH (mauÞ), sb.(Com. Teut.: OE. múÞ: – OTeut. *munÞoz:

pre –Teut. *muto-s, corresp. to L.mentum chin.] 1. The external

orifice in an animal body which serves for the ingestion of food,

together with the cavity to which this leads, containing the apparatus of

mastication and the organs of vocal utterance. b. In expressions like a

good, bad, hard.etc. m.,used with. ref. to a horse’s readiness to feel

and obey the pressure of the bit. Hence abstr.of a horse: Capability of

being guided by the bit. 1727. 2. As the receptacle of food, or with ref.

to swallowing, devouring, taste, etc. OE. b. A person viewed only as a

consumer of food 1550. 3. As the instrument of speech or voice. (In this

use tongueis more usual.) OE. 4. The orifice of the mouth considered

as part of the face OE.

I.1. He was thrust in the m. with a Speare SHAKS. Mouths that

gaped TENNYSON. Phr. To draw one’s m.:to extract a tooth. PEPYS.

b. A horse that has no m. 1791. 2. Phr. The m. waters (after, at

something), (it) makes (one’s) m. water,referring to the flow of saliva

caused by the anticipation of appetizing food; also fig. To open one’s

m. wide,to ask a high price. See also HAND TO MOUTH. b. Useless

m.,one who does no work but has to be fed. 3. You must borrow me

Gargantuas m. first: ‘tis a Word too great for any m. of this Ages size

SHAKS. I had the relation from his own m. DEFOE. Phr. By word of

m.: orally; often opp. to ‘by writing’. (To condemn a person) out of

his own m.) Luke XIX. 22: by the evidence of his own words. With

one m.,with one voice; unanimously. (A Hebraism). Now rare. To

open one’s m.:to begin speaking. To close, shut one’s m.:to refrain

from speaking. To stop(a person’s) m.: To keep (him) from talking. To

put words into another’s m.-to tell him what to say. To put(a speech)

into a person’s m.: to represent him as having uttered it. To take the

words out ofanother’s m., : to say what he was about to say. To take a

poor m.,to plead poverty. To give m.:(of a hound) to bark or bay

vehemently, also transf.Of a person. 4. Hir m. ful smal, and ther-to

softe and reed CHAUCER. Phr. Down in the m.,having the corners of

the m. turned downwards, as a sign of dissatisfaction; dejected,

dispirited. To laugh (on) the wrong side of one’s m., in early use to

laugh in a forced manner; now, to lament instead of laughing. To make

a (wry, ugly, hard,etc.)m.,or mouths:to express disapproval,

derision, etc., by putting awry one’s m.; of an animal, to menace with

the m.; also fig. to refuse to believe or accept. Const. at, upon.

II. Transf. applications to persons. 1. A spokesman. Obs.exc. in

renderings of foreign modes of speech. 1563. 2. slang. A silly person; a

dupe- 1823.

I was but the m. of the rest , and spoke what they have dictated to

me PEPYS.

Applied to things resembling a mouth. 1. The opening of

anything, e. g. a bottle, a furnace, a beehive, a cave, etc., also fig.Of the

pit of Hell Me. 2. the outfall of a river; the entrance to a haven, valley,

etc. OE. The opening, out of a tube, passage, drain, burrow, and the

like; the hole or aperture of various natural or artificial structures 1582.

4. The fork between the open jaws of scissors, pincers, or a vice; the

working edge of a tool 1576. 5. A mouthpiece- 1821.

attrib.and Comb.:with the meaning ‘coming from the m. only

and not from the heart’, as m.-charity, -friend, -honour; also m.-filling

a. fig.(of an oath, compliment, etc.), that fills the m., bombastic,

inflated; -footed a., having, a foot-jaw (see FOOT sb.); m. pipe Organbuilding,

an organ pipe having an oblong opening, called the mouth, at

the junction of the body with the foot, a flue- pipe; m.- wash, a

therapeutic wash for the m.

Задание 6. Изучите структуру словарной статьи Content из словаря П.М. Роже 1963 г. В каких ситуациях вам представляется в которых лексические единицы расположены по алфавитному принципу?

Задание 7. Изучите словарную статью Sin из словаря Roget’s New Pocket Thesaurus IN Dictionary Form 1972 г., сопоставьте ее со статьей Content и определите, какие изменения были внесены автором в оригинальную схему тезауруса П.М. Роже.

SIN– N. sin,offense, transgression, trespass, misdeed, wrong,

vice, peccadillo, damnation.

Seven deadly sins: anger, covetousness, envy, gluttony, lust,

pride, sloth.

Sinner,offender, transgressor, trespasser, wrongdoer.

V. sin, do wrong, err, fall from grace, offend, transgress, trespass,

fall (esp. of women, sexually), stray.

Adj. sinning, erring, errant, offending, peccant, transgressive,

transgressing, trespassing; peccable.

Sinful, piacular, unregenerate, unrighteous, vile, wrong.

See also GUILT, ILLEGALITY, IMMORALITY,

WICKEDNESS. Antonyms – See ACQUITTAL, INNOCENCE.

Задание 8. Пользуясь схемой словаря П.М. Роже, словарными статьями Content и Sin, подготовьте краткое сообщение о возможном применении тезауруса Роже в преподавательской либо переводческой деятельности.

Задание 9. Какие культурные ассоциации нашли отражение в следующих статьях в Longman English Dictionary of Language and Culture: cat, cowboy, craving, dog, exterminate, milkman?

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