ПОРЯДКОВЫЕ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ (ORDINAL NUMERALS)

Exercises:

1. Напишите прописью следующие числительные:

1. 119___________________________________________________________________________

2. 547 __________________________________________________________________________

3. 2398 _________________________________________________________________________

4. 6.987.543_____________________________________________________________________

5. 75-й __________________________________________________________________________

6. 23-й__________________________________________________________________________

7. 102-й_________________________________________________________________________

8. 91-й __________________________________________________________________________

Lexical theme: "Great Britain: political system"

1. Прочитайте, переведите текст.

The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy. The Queen is officially head of Great Britain. But she has little power in the country. The Parliament has two parts: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The members of the House of Commons are elected for five years. There are about 650 members in the House of Commons. The Speaker is the chairperson at all the debates in the House of Commons. The members of the House of Lords are not elected. They are appointed. The chairperson of the House of Lords is Lord Chancellor.

The Prime Minister is the head of the government. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the political party.

The main political parties in Great Britain are the Conservative and Liberal Parties.

The place where members of Parliament gather to make laws is called the House of Parliament.

The House of Parliament

2. Выучите следующие слова наизусть.

parliamentary monarchy – парламентская монархия

head – глава

little power – мало власти

member – член

to be elected – избираться

chairperson (chairman) – председатель

to be appointed – назначаться

government – правительство

3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Who is the head of government in Britain?

2. How many parts does Parliament have?

3. What are they?

4. What can you tell about the House of Lords?

5. How is the place where members of Parliament gather to make laws called?

Lesson 13

Grammar theme: Даты. Время. Дроби.

ДРОБНЫЕ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ (FRACTIONAL NUMERALS)
1. В простых дробях числитель выражается количественным числительным, а знаменатель порядковым (смотрите также таблицу в Lesson 12):
1/7- one seventh одна седьмая
При чтении простых дробей, если числитель их больше единицы, к знаменателю прибавляется окончание множественного числа -s:
2/4 - two fourths - две четвертых
2/3 -two thirds - две третьих
3 1/5 - three and one fifth - три целых и одна пятая
2. В десятичных дробях целое число отделяется точкой, и каждая цифра читается отдельно. Нуль читается nought [no:t] (в США - zero ['zierou]).
4.25 four point twenty-five; four point two five
0.43 nought point forty-three; nought point four three
3. В обозначениях номеров телефонов каждая цифра читается отдельно, нуль здесь читается [оu]:
224-58-06 ['tu:'tu:'fo:'faiv'eit'ou'siks]

ЧТЕНИЕ ДАТ И ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЙ ВРЕМЕНИ
1. При обозначении года употребляются количественные числительные. При чтении числительное, обозначающее год, разбивается на две части:
1) число сотен, 2) число десятков и единиц.
1700 - seventeen hundred
1707- seventeen hundred and seven
или: seventeen 0 seven ['sevn'ti:n'ou'sevn]
в 1965-in nineteen sixty-five в 1815 - in eighteen fifteen
2. Для обозначения дат употребляются порядковые числительные.
Пишется: July 15, 1965
Читается: the fifteenth of July nineteen sixty-five
3. Для обозначения времени в часах и минутах в английском языке употребляются три предлога: at в, past после, to до.
На вопрос What time is it? Который час? ответ начинается со словIt is...

It is 12 o'clock - 12 часов
It is 3 o'clock - 3 часa

It is half past 2. – 2.30 (половина 3)

It is quarter past 4p.m (a.m.) – 16.15 ( 4.15)

It is quarter to 4p.m (a.m.) – 15.45 ( 3.45)

Lexical theme: "London"

1. Прочитайте, переведите текст.

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It's one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than 11 million people. London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old and beautiful.

London is divided into several parts: the City, the West End, the East End and Westminster. The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. The heart of the City is the Stock Exchange.

Westminster is the most important part of the capital. It's the administrative centre. The Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Westminster Abbey are there.

To the west of Westminster is West End. Here we find most of the big shops, hotels, museums, art galleries, theatres and concert halls.

To the east of Westminster is the East End, an industrial district of the capital.

London has many places of interest: Buckingham Palace, Trafalgar Square, the British Museum, Tower and others.

Westminster Abbey Buckingham Palace

Trafalgar Square

Tower London Tower Bridge

Stonehenge

10 Downing Street Stock Exchange

2. Выучите новые слова (Vocabulary):

capital - столица

population - население

to be situated - располагаться

to be divided - делиться

several parts – несколько частей

important - важный

place of interest - достопримечательность

tower — башня

3. Ответьте на вопросы (Questions):

1. What is London?

2. How much is the population of London?

3. Where is London situated?

4. Into which parts is London divided?

5. What is the heart of the City?

6. Do you know any places of interest in London?

Lesson 14

Grammar theme: Предлоги места.

on => на; обозначает на поверхности, поэтому во многих случаях не соответствует русскому предлогу на; слова с этим предлогом чаще всего отвечают на вопрос где?:

on the table => на столе;

in (into) => в; обозначает внутри, поэтому часто не соответствует по значению русскому в; слова с этим предлогом отвечают на вопрос где?:

in the pocket => в кармане (где?);

into the pocket – в карман (куда?)

at => у / при / около; обозначает место действия:

Он стоял у окна. => Не was standing at the window.

at => обозначает принадлежность к большой системе:

Папа работает на заводе. => Father works at the plant. Я учусь в институте. => I study at the institute.

* Оn a river/on a road/on the way/on the coast (подразумевается береговая линия)

** At a party/at a concert/at a conference/at the meeting/at a football match/at the lesson, at the exhibition)

Exercises:

1. Вставьте предлоги on, in или into.

1. Where is the book? - - It is ... the table. 2. Where is the tea? — It is ... the cup. 3. Put the plates ... the table. 4. Put the book ... the bag. 5. There is a beautiful picture ... the wall. 6. He went ... the room. 7. I like to sit ... the sofa ... my room. 8. Mother is cooking dinner ... the kitchen. 9. She went ... the room and sat down ... the sofa. 10. There are many people ... the park today.

2. Вставьте предлоги on, in или at.

1. Rio de Janeiro is ______ the south-east coast of Brazil.

2. There’s no one ____ the garden.

3. Tessa is ____ a conference.

4. Would you like sugar ____ your coffee?

5. Who’s moved my briefcase? I left it ______ the table.

6. Go along this road, and then turn left ____ the shop.

7. Nicola was wearing a silver ring ____ her little finger.

8. We stopped at a small village ____ the way to London.

9. He spends most of the day sitting ____ the window and looking out.

10. There’s been another big forest fire _____ California.

11. What have you got ____ your hand?

12. Paris is ____ the river Seine.

13. I know that people like to dress up ____ parties, but that is ridiculous.

14. There is no tea ____ my cup.

15. She owns a house ____ the Swan River.

16. When we were ____ Italy, we spent a few days in Venice.

17. I didn’t see you ____ the party on Saturday. Where were you?

Lexical theme: "Canada: geographical position"

1. Прочитайте, переведите текст.

Canada has an area of ten million square kilometers. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast by the Atlantic Ocean. There are many islands in the north of Canada.

Canada has mountains, high plains and low plains. The Rocky Mountains run parallel to the Pacific coast.

Canada is a country of lakes. There are the Great Lakes — Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie and Ontario, Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake and Lake Winnipeg.

Canada also has large rivers: the Mackenzie flows from the Rocky Mountains into the Arctic Ocean, the Yukon rises in Canada and flows into the Pacific, the St. Lawrence River flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The Niagara Falls is one of the most splendid sights in the world.

Canada has several climatic regions. Winter in Canada lasts from four to five months with heavy snowfalls. There is much rain in the east and west, but less in the centre. The north of the country near the Arctic is tundra.

The map of Canada

2. Выучите новые слова (Vocabulary):

coast – побережье

island – остров

high plain – высокая равнина (плато)

low plain - равнина

run parallel to – пролегать параллельно

to flow – течь, бежать (о реке)

fall – водопад

splendid – великолепный

sight – достопримечательность

heavy snowfall – обильный снегопад

3. Ответьте на вопросы (Questions):

1. What is the total area of Canada?

2. What ocean is its western coast washed by?

3. What ocean is its eastern coast washed by?

4. What about mountains?

5. What are the main rivers in Canada?

6. What are the lakes in Canada?

7. What climate does Canada have?

Lesson 15

Grammar theme: Предлоги времени.

on => ставится с днями недели: on Sunday / on Monday;

с полными датами (когда есть число и месяц): on the first of May;

in => с веками: in the first century;

=> с годами: in 1992;

=> с названиями сезонов: in winter / in spring;

=> с названиями месяцев: in May / in December; => с названиями частей суток, обязательно с определенным артиклем:

in the morning => утром;
in the afternoon => днем;
in the evening => вечером;

но:

at night => ночью

in => через какой-либо (любой) промежуток времени; в этом значении используется со сказуемым в Future

I'll be back in five minutes. => Я вернусь через пять минут. Не will finish school in two years. =” Он закончит школу через два года.

at => в; обозначает точное время:

at that moment => в тот момент;

at five minutes past ten => в пять минут одиннадцатого;

at a quarter to nine => без четверти девять

Exercises:

1. Put in the correct preposition: at, on , in (Вставьте предлоги on, in или at).

1. The course begins …7 January and ends …10 March.
2. I went to bed….midnight and got up …6.30 the next morning.
3. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived …5 o’clock…the morning.
4. Mozart was born in Salzburg …1756.
5. Are you doing anything special ….the week-end?
6. Hurry up! We’ve got to go…five minutes.
7. I haven’t seen Ann for a few days. I last saw her…Tuesday.
8. I’ll phone you…Tuesday morning…about 10 o’clock, ok?
9. I might not be at home…the morning. Can you phone …the afternoon instead?
10. Tom’s grandmother died …1977…the age of 79.
11. Jack’s brother is an engineer but he’s out of work …the moment.
12. The price of electricity is going up…October.
13. …Sunday afternoons I usually go for a walk in the country.
14. I walk round the town…night. It’s always so peaceful.
15. Do you fancy going to the cinema…Friday night?
16. I’ve been invited to a wedding …14 February.
17. I’m just going out to do some shopping. I’ll be back …half an hour.
18. Carol got married …17, which is rather young to get married.
19. Ann works hard during the week, so she likes to relax…week-ends.
20. The telephone and the doorbell rang…the same time.

Lexical theme: "Canada: political system"

1. Прочитайте, переведите текст.

Canada is a federal state and a member of the Commonwealth. Formally the head of the state is the King or Queen of England, represented by the Governor-General. The leading figure in political life of the country is the Prime Minister.

Canada consists of the provinces of Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and Yukon and the North-West Territories.

The Federal Parliament consists of the Senate whose members are appointed by the Governor-General and the House of Commons whose members are elected by the people for a period of five years.

The Cabinet is headed by the Prime-Minister.

The seat of the Federal Parliament and government is Ottawa, the federal capital. There are several political parties which are represented in Parliament: the Progressive Conservative Party, the Liberal Party, the New Democratic Party.

Political map of Canada

2. Выучите новые слова (Vocabulary):

commonwealth - содружество

king/queen – король, королева

to represent - представлять

government - правительство

Governor-General – генерал-губернатор

appoint - назначать

consist of – состоять из

to elect – избирать

to be headed - возглавляться

3. Ответьте на вопросы (Questions):

1. What kind of state is Canada?

2. How many provinces and territories does it consist of?

3. Hoe many Houses does the Canadian Federal Parliament consist of?

4. Which House of the Federal Parliament is elected by the people?

5. Who is the head of the state and the head of the government?

6. Where is the seat of the Federal Parliament and government?

Lesson 16

Grammar theme: Предлоги направления.

to => в / на; обозначает направленность действия (куда? / кому? / к кому?):

Мама ушла в кино. => Mother went to the cinema.
Мы не пойдем в институт. => We shall not go to the institute.
Она дала мне один доллар. => She gave one dollar to me.

towards => по направлению к; близок по значению к to, но менее конкретизирован:

Не went to the car. => Он пошел к машине, (в машину)

Не went towards the car. => Он пошел по направлению к машине, (но может свернуть в сторону)

by => у / около:

by the window => у окна;
by the door => рядом с дверью

Некоторые устойчивые словосочетания:

Go home – идти домой

On foot – пешком

By car (taxi, bus) – на машине (на такси, на автобусе)

Exercises:

1. Complete these sentences with to, into, on or by. If no preposition is necessary, leave the sentence as it is. (Вставьте предлоги to, into, on или by. Если предлога не надо, поставьте прочерк.)

Examples: When are you going …to…Spain?

Tom usually goes …to…work …by…car.

1. I’m tired. I’m …bed.

2. What time are you going …home?

3. I decided not to go …car. I went …my bike instead.

4. We went …a very good party fast night. We didn’t get …home until 3 a.m.

5. I saw Jane this morning. She was …a bus which passed me.

6. Sorry, I’m late. I missed the bus, so I had to come …foot.

7. The easiest way to get around London is …underground.

8. I must go …the bank today to change some money.

9. I had lost my key but I managed to climb…the house through a window.

10. Marcel has just returned …France after two years in England.

11. I didn’t feel like walking, so I came home …a taxi.

2. Put the correct preposition into each gap (if necessary). (Поставьте нужный предлог, если это необходимо)

1 Are you coming to classes _____ Monday?

2 There weren’t many people _____ the party.

3 Can’t you hurry up? The train leaves _____ 9 o’clock.

4 Do you know the names of the letters _____ English?

5 What time do you usually come _____ home?

6 He lives _____ the country.

7 It’s so difficult to wake him up _____ the morning.

8 The girls are _____ the bus stop.

9 They are going _____ school.

10 The children are playing _____ the garden.

11 Did you see the film _____ television yesterday?

12 I try to go _____ bed before midnight.

13 It might be John but I thought he was _____ work.

14 - How do you get _____ work?

- I go there _____ bus.

Lexical theme: "Ottawa - the capital of Canada"

1. Прочитайте, переведите текст.

Ottawa is the capital of Canada. It is situated on the River Ottawa. The population of Ottawa is over 1.2 million. It makes the Ottawa region the fourth-largest urban area in Canada. Ottawa is the home of government organizations such as the Government of Canada, Parliament, the Senate, and the Supreme Court of Canada.

Canada's Capital region welcomes over 7.3 million visitors per year, who spend over $1.18 billion.

Languages spoken include English (50%), French (32%) and Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Chinese and Arabic.

Ottawa has many places of interest: Canada Science and Technology Museum, National Gallery of Canada, Bytown Museum and many others.

Currency Museum, Bank of Canada Canadian Museum of Civilization

Фестиваль тюльпанов в Оттаве National Gallery of Canada.

2. Выучите новые слова (Vocabulary):

urban area – населенная местность

such as – такой как

Supreme Court – верховный суд

welcome – приветствовать

per year – в год

include – включать (в себя)

3. Ответьте на вопросы (Questions):

1. What is the capital of Canada?

2. What is the population of Ottawa?

3. How many visitors does Ottawa welcome per year?

4. What languages are spoken in Ottawa?

5. What are the places of interest in Ottawa?

Lesson 17

Примерные задания на обязательную контрольную работу за 1 семестр

I. Употребите артикли, где это необходимо:

1. This morning I bought _____ newspaper and _____ magazine. _____ newspaper is in my bag but I don’t know where _____ magazine is.

2.My parents have _____ cat and _____ dog. _____ dog never bites _____ cat but _____ cat often scratches _____ dog.

3. ____Neva flows into ___Gulf of Finland (Финский Залив).

4. ___Pacific ocean is very deep.

5. _____Urals are not very high.

II. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число:

1. This is a man.

2. Is that your mouse?

3. This isn’t my child.

III. Замените выделенные слова личными местоимениями:

1. Students are reading their text-books now.

2. Masha likes singing.

3. My friend and me often go to the cinema.

IV. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного:

1. A bus is (fast) than a bicycle.

2. Who is the (attentive-внимательный) student in your group?

3. Your handwriting (почерк) is now (good) than it was last year; but still it is not so (good) as Nick’s handwriting. Nick has a (good) handwriting than you. And of course Nellie has the (good) handwriting of all.

V. Запишите следующие числительные прописью:

2-й, 78-й, 654, 1992 (год), 2768555, 1/3, 6.9

VI. Ответьте на следующие вопросы?

1. Where is Great Britain situated?

2. What are main rivers of Great Britain do you know?

3. Who is the Head of Great Britain?

4. What is the total area of Canada?

5. What are the main lakes in Canada?

VII. Переведите на английский язык:

Лето, уголь, море, располагаться, общая площадь, холодно, столица, люди, месторождения, длинный

VIII. Поставьте нужный предлог времени:

1. The course begins …7 January and ends …10 March.

2. I went to bed….midnight and got up …6.30 the next morning.

3. Are you doing anything special ….the week-end?

4. Hurry up! We’ve got to go…five minutes.

IX. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. Как его зовут? – Его зовут Саша.

2. Какой ее адрес? – Ее адрес: Оксфорд Стрит, 45.

3. Я Лена, а это Коля. Он мой брат. Ему 17 лет, а мне 15. Мы из Алматы.

4. Твой папа на работе? Нет, он дома.

5. Моя мама – не учительница. Она врач.

Lesson 18

Grammar theme: The Present Simple Tense

Глаголом называется часть речи, которая обозначает действие или состояние лица или предмета. Present Simple – это личная форма инфинитива без частицы to. Инфинитив – это начальная форма глагола. В третьем лице единственного числа глагол принимает окончание –s или –es. Ex: She likes listening to music. He watches TV every day.

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола do в настоящем времени, который в 3-м лице единственного числа имеет форму does и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to.

В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:

Do you live in the capital? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

Does she live in the capital? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.

В отрицательной форме отрицание not ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

I do not (don’t) play the piano.

He does not (doesn’t) play the piano.

Present Simple употребляется для обозначения обычных, регулярно повторяющихся или постоянных действий, например, когда мы говорим о чьих либо привычках, режиме дня, расписаниях и т.д., т.е.

I go to the College every day.

Peter swims well.

С глаголами в Present Simple часто употребляются такие наречия-подсказки, как always - всегда, often - часто, seldom - редко , usually - обычно, never - никогда, sometimes - иногда, every day - каждый день и т.д.

Examples:

I sometimes meet your father at the station. Я иногда встречаю твоего отца на станции.

My parents always spend their holidays at the seaside. Мои родители всегда проводят отпуск на море.

Twice a year students take their exams. Два раза в году студенты сдают экзамены.

Exercises:

1. Write the he/she/it form of these verbs. Напишите глаголы, используя их в 3 лице ед.ч., переведите и выучите глаголы.

1. read reads......... 2. listen..................... 3. push................... 4. kiss……………….

5. repair .................... 6. love ………………..7. watch .................... 8. have……………

9. do ................... 10. buy………………….11. think ...................... 12. go ...................

2. Write the negative sentences. Напишите отрицательные предложения.

1. I play the piano very well…I don’t play piano very well…………………………………

2. Jack plays the piano very well. Jack.............................................................................very well.

3. You know the answer. ....................................................................................................................

4. She works very hard. .......................................................................................................................

5. They do the same thing every day. ....................................................................................................

3. Write the opposite (positive or negative). Напишите противоположные предложения

1. I understand. I don’t understand.

2. He doesn't smoke.________________________

3. They know. They___________________________

4. She loves him.______________________________

5. They speak English. ___________________________

6. I don't want it.___________________________________

7. She doesn't want them.___________________________

8. He lives in Rome._____________________________

4. Write questions with Do/ Does. Напишите вопросительные предложения, начинающиеся с Do/ Does

1) I work hard. And you? Do you work hard?

2) I play tennis. And you? …………….you………………….?

3) I play tennis. And Ann?............Ann………………………?

4) I know the answer. And you? …………………….the answer?

5) I like the hot weather. And you? …………………….the answer?

6) I smoke. And your father? ……………………………………………………?

7) I do exercises every morning. And you?.............................................................?

8) I speak English. And your friends? ……………………………………………..?

9) I want to be famous. And you?.............................................................................?

5. Put the verb into the correct form. Поставьте глагол в правильную форму.

1. My working day __________(to begin) at seven o’clock. I ___________(to get) up, _________(to switch) on music and __________(to do) my morning exercises. It _________(to take) me fifteen minutes. At half past seven we _________(to have) breakfast. My father and I _________(to leave) home at eight o’clock. My mother ______(to be) a doctor, she _________(to leave) home at nine o’clock. In the evening we __________(to gather) in the living-room. We ________ (to watch) TV and ______(to talk).

2. My sister ________(to get) up at eight o’clock. She ______(to be) a schoolgirl. She _______(to go) to school in the afternoon.

3. Jane _______(to be) fond of sports. She ________(to do) her morning exercises every day.

4. For breakfast she _________(to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea.

5. After breakfast she ______(to go) to school.

Lexical theme: “The United States of America: geographical position”

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

to be situated-располагаться

between-между

to lie on-располагаться на

another-другой

main-главный

to flow-течь

gulf-залив

several-несколько

different-другой

hot winds-горячие ветры

to blow-дуть

to bring-приносить

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

The USA is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast by the Atlantic Ocean.

The area of the USA is over nine million square kilometres.

There are the Appalachian Mountains in the east, and the Cordillera and the Rocky Mountains in the west.

There are five Great Lakes between the USA and Canada. Lake Michigan lies on the territory of the USA In the west of the USA there is another lake called the Great Salt Lake.

The main rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, which flows into the Gulf of Mexico, the Colorado and the Columbia, which flow into the Pacific Ocean, the Saint Lawrence River and the Hudson River, which flow into the Atlantic Ocean.

The USA is a very large country, so it has several different climatic regions. The coldest regions are in the north and north­east. The south has a subtropical climate. Hot winds blowing from the Gulf of Mexico often bring typhoons. The climate along the Pacific coast is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast.

The map of the USA

3. Answer the following questions (Ответьте на следующие вопросы).

1. Where is the USA situated? ______________________________________________________

2. What oceans is the USA washed by? _______________________________________________

3. What is the area of the USA? _____________________________________________________

4. What lakes and rivers can you name? ______________________________________________

5. What climate does the USA have? ________________________________________________

Lesson 19

Grammar theme: The Past Simple Tense

Past Simple обозначает действия, имевшие место в прошлом и время совершения которых истекло: last year - в прошлом году, five days ago - пять дней тому назад, yesterday - вчера, in 1945 - в 1945 году и т.д.

I returned home yesterday. Я возвратился домой вчера.

Dan worked in a factory. Дэн работал на фабрике.

По способу образования прошедшего времени глаголы делятся на правильные и неправильные. Правильные глаголы образуют утвердительную форму прошедшего неопределённого времени путём прибавления к основе инфинитива суффикса "-ed".

to open - opened открывать - открыл

to stop - stopped останавливать - остановил

to fry - fried жарить - жарил.

Неправильные глаголы образуют простое прошедшее время по-разному и их следует заучивать списком. (Список неправильных глаголов приведен в приложении)

Вопросительная форма глаголов в простом прошедшем времени (и правильных и неправильных) образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола "did" , который ставится перед подлежащим, а за подлежащим следует смысловой глагол (в форме основы инфинитива без "to").

- Did you see him yesterday? - Yes, I did. (No, I didn’t). - Вы его видели вчера? - Да. (Нет).

Отрицательная форма глаголов в простом прошедшем времени образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола "did" и отрицания "not", которые ставятся перед смысловым глаголом в форме инфинитива без "to".

I did not see him yesterday. Я не видел его вчера.

Если в предложении отсутствует смысловой глагол, то в прошедшем простом времени используется глагол «to be», который принимает формы was (для ед.ч) и were (для мн.ч.). Отрицательные предложения образуются с помощью отрицательной частицы not, которая употребляется после was, were. В вопросительных предложениях was, were употребляются перед подлежащим.

The weather was fine. Погода была хорошей.

The weather was not (wasn’t) fine.

Was the weather fine? Yes, it was. (No, it wasn’t).

Упражнения на закрепление грамматического материала (Exercises)

1. Choose regular or irregular verbs and tell the past form. Напишите прошедшую форму глаголов (правильных и неправильных).

to open__________________

to give__________________

to pass__________________

to play__________________

to decide________________

to do___________

to work_________________

to write________________

to be________________

to stay______________________

to go_____________________

to take___________________

to close___________________

to begin___________________

to love___________________

to meet____________________

to like______________________

to fight____________________

to leave___________________

to speak____________________

2. Write questions. Напишите вопросы.

Ex: What place/go? - What place did you go to? The weather/fine? – Was the weather fine?

1. how long/stay/there? ________________________________________________________

2. stay in a hotel? ________________________________________________________

3. go alone? ________________________________________________________

4. how travel? ________________________________________________________

5. the food good? ________________________________________________________

6. what/do in the evenings? ________________________________________________________

7. Make any friends there? ________________________________________________________

8. like it? ________________________________________________________

3. Put the verb into the correct form. Use Past Simple. Употребите глаголы в прошедшей форме.

Examples: I didn’t go (not/go) to work yesterday because I wasn’t (not/be) well.

1. Tom_____________(not/shave) this morning because he ____________(not/have) time.

2. We___________ (not/eat) anything because we _______________(not/be) hungry.

3. I__________(not/rush) because I ____________(not/be in a hurry).

4. She__________(not/be) interested in the book because she ______________(not/understand) it.

Lexical theme: “The USA: industry and agriculture”

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

coal— уголь;

iron — железо;

mine — шахта;

to mine — добывать в шахте;

oil-field — нефтяной промысел;

grain — зерно;

heavy industry – тяжелая промышленность

all kinds – все виды

to be developed – быть развитым

valley- равнина

cattle-farming-скотоводство

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

The USA is a highly developed industrial country. Coal is found in the Cordillera Mountains, in the state of Kansas and in Pittsburgh. Iron is mined near the Great Lakes. The USA has rich oil-fields in California, Texas and Alas­ka.

The heavy industries are in the Middle West, in the region of the Great Lakes, around Detroit and Chicago, in the north-eastern states and near Birmingham. The automobile indu­stry and all kinds of machine-building are in Detroit, in California. Ship-building is devel­oped along the Atlantic coast, in San Francisco and Seattle on the Pacific coast. The textile industry is developed in Boston and other cities. Cotton is grown in the Mississippi valley.

The Great Lakes and the rivers, especially the Saint Lawrence River and the Missis­sippi, are used for transport.

Grain is grown in the Middle West. Fresh fruit and vegetables are grown in the southern regions, especially Florida and California. Cattle-farming is developed in the west.

3. Answer the following questions (Ответьте на следующие вопросы).

1. Where is coal found?____________________________________________________________

2. Where is iron mined? ___________________________________________________________

3. Where is oil found? ____________________________________________________________

4. Where is heavy industry in the USA? ______________________________________________

5. Where is cotton grown? _________________________________________________________

6. Where are grain and fruit grown? __________________________________________________

Lesson 20

Grammar theme: The Future Simple Tense

Простое будущее время обозначает действия, которые совершатся в неопределённом или отдалённом будущем.

Простое будущее время обычно используется с обстоятельствами: tomorrow - завтра, next week (next summer, next year, next Monday,next term...) - на следующей неделе (следующим летом, в следующем году, в следующий понедельник, в следующий семестр ...), in two years (...days,...months...) - через два года (...дня,...месяца..), in 2009 - в 2009 году и т.д.

Утвердительная форма глаголов простого будущего времени образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола "shall"(для 1-го лица единственного и множественного числа -I, we) или "will" (для всех остальных лиц) и основы инфинитива смыслового глагола без "to" (V1).

We shall finish the work today. Мы закончим эту работу сегодня.

The plane will return in two hours. Самолёт возвратится через два часа.

Чтобы образовать вопросительную форму, вспомогательные глаголы "shall / will" ставят перед подлежащим.

Shall I see you tomorrow? Увижу ли я вас завтра?

What shall we do tomorrow? Что мы будем делать завтра?

Чтобы образовать отрицательную форму глаголов в простом будущем времени, то после вспомогательного глагола ставят отрицание "not",

I shall not do this. Я не сделаю этого.

Peter will not go to the theatre tonight. Пётр не пойдёт в театр сегодня вечером.

Упражнения на закрепление грамматического материала

1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. I (to go)_________to bed at 10 o’clock every day.

2. I (to go)_________to bed at 10 o’clock yesterday.

3. I (to go)____________to bed at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

4. I (not to go)______________to the cinema every day.

5. I (not to go)______________to the cinema yesterday.

6. I (not to go)______________to the cinema tomorrow.

7. You (to watch) TV every day? _______________________________________________

8. You (to watch) TV yesterday? _______________________________________________

9. You (to watch) TV tomorrow? _______________________________________________

10. When you (to leave) home for school every day? __________________________________________

11. When you (to leave) home for school yesterday? __________________________________________

12. When you (to leave) home for school tomorrow? __________________________________________

13. My brother (to go) _____________ to work every day. He (to leave) _____________home at a quarter past eight. As the office he (to work) ______________at (to be) ________near our house, he (to walk) ____________ there. He (not to take) _____________________a bus. Yesterday he (not to go) _______________to work. Yesterday he (to get) ______________ up at nine o’clock.

14. You (to have) a PT lesson yesterday? _______________________ ___________________

No, I __________________ .

Lexical theme: “The USA: political system”

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

state—государство, штат;

government— правительство;

to elect [i'lekt] — выбирать;

to be proclaimed – быть провозглашенным

to choose – выбирать

to take place – проводиться

to have no right – не иметь права

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

The United States of America is a federal republic. It consists of fifty states. The present constitution was proclaimed in 1787 in Philadelphia. The presi­dent is the head of the state and the govern­ment and chooses the ministers. He is elected for four years. Congress consists of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Elections to the House of Representatives take place every two years. The House has 435 members. There are 100 senators (two from each state). They are elected to serve for a period of six years.

Americans who are not yet 25 years old have no right to be elected to the House of Representatives, and those who are under 30 cannot be elected to the Senate.

In the USA there are two main political parties, the Democrat­ic Party and the Republican Раrty.

3. Answer the following questions (Ответьте на следующие вопросы).

1. How many states are there in the USA?
2. When and where was the present constitution?
3. What does Congress consist of?
4. How often do elections to the House of Representatives take place?
5. How many senators are there in the House of Representatives?
6. Whatare two main political parties?

Lesson 21

Grammar theme: The Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous используется для обозначения действий, протекающих в точно указанное время, либо одновременно с другим действием.

- What are you writing? - I am writing a letter to a friend of mine. - Что ты (сейчас) пишешь? - Я пишу (сейчас) письмо моему другу.

They are not working. They are on their holidays. Они не работают (сейчас). Они в отпуске.

Утвердительная форма настоящего времени образуется из вспомогательного глагола "to be" в соответствующем лице настоящего времени (am, is, are) и смыслового глагола с окончанием –ing.

He is reading a book. Он читает книгу .

I am waiting for a call. Я жду телефонного звонка.

Чтобы задать вопрос в настоящем продолженном времени, нужно поставить глагол "to be" перед подлежащим, смысловой глагол в форме "-ing" следует за подлежащим.

Is he reading a new book? Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t). Он читает новую книгу? Да. (Нет).

Are you waiting for a bus? Yes, I am. (No, I am not). Ты ждёшь автобус? Да. (Нет).

Отрицательная форма образуется путём постановки отрицания "not" после вспомогательного глагола.

They are not playing football now. Они не играют в футбол сейчас.

They are very busy. Они очень заняты.

Упражнения на закрепление грамматического материала

1. What's happening at the moment? Write true sentences. Что происходит в настоящий момент? Напишите правдивые предложения.

1 (I/wash/my hair) ....I'.m.not.washing.my.hair...........................................................................

2 (it/snow) ..........................................................................................................

3 (I/sit/on a chair) .............................................................................................................................

4 (I/eat)………………………………………………………………………………..

5 (it/rain) ...........................................................................................................................................

6 (I/learn/English).........................................................................................................................

7 (I/listen/to the radio)..................................................................................................................

8 (the sun /shine)...............................................................................................................................

2. Ask the questions. Задайте вопросы.

1) you/ watch /TV? ____________________________________________________________

2) what/ Rod/do? ____________________________________________________________

3) you/write/ a letter? ____________________________________________________________

4) the children/ play? ____________________________________________________________

5) It/rain ? ____________________________________________________________

6) why/ you/run? ____________________________________________________________

7) what/ you/ do? ____________________________________________________________

8) that clock/work? ____________________________________________________________

3. Put in am/is/are/do/don't/does/doesn't. Заполните предложения am/is/are/do/don't/does/doesn't.

1 Excuse me, ..do................you speak English?

2 'Have a cigarette.' 'No, thank you, I .................................smoke.'

3 Why............................ you laughing at me?

4 'What..............................she do?' "She's a dentist.'

5 I.............................want to go out. It..................:........raining.

6 'Where........;.'.................... you come from?' 'From Canada.'

7 How much................................. it cost to send a letter to Canada?

8I can't talk to you at the moment. I '..................................working.

4. Put the verb in the present continuous (I am doing) or present simple (I do). Используйте глагол в present continuous или present simple.

1 Excuse me, do you speak English? ....(you/speak) English?

2 Tom.....is haying................(have) a shower at the moment.

3 They ....don't watch..... (not/watch) television very often.

4 Listen! Somebody............................................ (sing).

5 She's tired. She........................................... (want) to go home now.

6 How often.............................;..............(you/read) a newspaper?

7 'Excuse me, but you..........................................(sit) in my place.' 'Oh, I'm sorry.'

8 I'm sorry, I............................................(not/understand). Please speak more slowly.

9 'Where are you, Roy?¹ "I'm in the sitting-room. I ................................:...........(read).'

10 What time............................................(she/finish) work every day?

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