Заполните пропуски, употребляя время Past Simple или Past Continuous

1 Something ......... (fall) out of that window while I ........................... (stand) under it.

2 When Jane..............(have) her Saturday job at a flower shop she.............. ….(send) me flowers.

3 Dad................(pay) me very well when I....................(work) in his shop in the holidays.

4 It......................(snow) while we ……. ..............(make) the snowman.

5 I..................(leave) the shop and then I.............(see) this picture, so I ............(buy) it.

6 A light rain...............(fall) when I................(arrive) in Abilene for the first time.

7 I...................(write) to you while my husband.....................(speak) over the phone.

3. Open the brackets (откройте скобки) using Present Continuous or Past Continuous

1. I (to write) an English exercise now. _____________________________________________________

2. I (to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday. _________________________________________________________________

3. My little sister (to sleep) now. _____________________________________________________

4. My friends (not to do) their homework at seven o’clock yesterday. They (to play) volleyball. ________________________________________________________________________________

5. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday. _____________________________________________________

6. Now she (to go) to school. _____________________________________________________

7. What you (to do) now? – I (to drink) tea. _____________________________________________________

8. You (to drink) tea at this time yesterday? – No, I ( not to drink) tea at this time yesterday. _____________________________________________________

9. Look! My cat (to play) with a ball. _____________________________________________________

10. You (to eat) ice cream now? _____________________________________________________

Lexical theme: “Australia: geographical position”

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

commonwealth – содружество

a great number – большое количество

droughty – засушливый

deserts and semideserts – пустыни и полупустыни

plain – равнина

drought – засуха

common – обычный, распространенный

occupy - занимать

lie –располагаться, лежать

rainfall - ливень

dry – сухой

flat – плоский,

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

The Commonwealth of Australia occupies the continent of Australia, and the island of Tasmania with a great number of small islands.

It is washed by the Timor Sea in the north, by the Coral and Tasman Seas in the east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south and west.

Australia is the most droughty continent on the earth. About one half of its territory is occupied by deserts and semideserts. It is also the land of great plains.

The main part of Australia lies in tropics. Southwestern parts of the country are situated in subtropics. December, January and February are summer months in Australia. The average summer temperature there is from 20 to 30 degrees above zero. Winter comes in June, July and August. Then the average temperature is from 12 to 20 degrees above zero.

Droughts are common in Australia.

The largest rivers in Australia are the Darling and the Murray. In the middle part of Australia there are salt lakes, such as Lake Eyre and Torrence.

Australia’s total area is 7,690,000 sq kilometres. It is the oldest, the flattest and the driest continent in the world.

The main mountains are the Great Dividing Range ("the Australian Alps"), the Kimberly Range, the Hamersley Range and the Flinders Range in south Australia.

The map of Australia

3. Answer the following questions (Ответьте на следующие вопросы).

1. What territory does Australia occupy?______________________________________________

2. What is the total area of Australia?_________________________________________________

3. What are the rivers of Australia?__________________________________________________

4. What are the mountains of Australia?______________________________________________

5. What climate does Australia have?________________________________________________

Lesson 23

Grammar theme: The Future Continuous Tense

Глаголы в форме будущего продолженного времени выражают действие, которое будет происходить в определённый момент или отрезок времени в будущем. Будущее продолженное время образуется при помощи глагола "to be" и смыслового глагола в инговой форме. При этом глагол "to be" употребляется в форме будущего времени (will be, shall be).

shall

+ be + V-ing

will

We shall be expecting you at 5. Мы будем ждать вас в 5 часов.

This time on Sunday I'll be bathing in the sea. В это время в воскресенье я буду купаться в море.

Чтобы задать вопрос в Future Continuous нужно поставить will/shall перед подлежащим. А чтобы образовать отрицательную форму, нужно поставить отрицание "not" после глагола will/shall:

+ She will be sleeping.

- She will not (won’t) be sleeping.

? Will she be sleeping?

Yes, she will. No, she will not.

(No, she won't.)

Упражнения на закрепление грамматического материала (Exercises)

I. Поставьте глаголы в следующих предложениях в форму Future Continuous

" + " " - " " ? "

I (do) ______________________________________________________________________

He (work)___________________________________________________________________

She (sleep)___________________________________________________________________

We (work)___________________________________________________________________

They (drink )__________________________________________________________________

Mike (write)__________________________________________________________________

You (have) __________________________________________________________________

We (be) _____________________________________________________________________

2. Составьте предложения во времени Future Continuous

Example: I’m going to watch TV from 9 until 10 o’clock this evening.

So at 9.30 I will be watching TV.

1. Tomorrow afternoon I’m going to play tennis from 3 o’clock until 4.30.

So at 4 o’clock tomorrow I _______________________________________ .

2. Jim is going to study from 7 o’clock until 10 o’clock this evening.

So at 8.30 this evening he_________________________________________ .

3. We are going to clean the flat tomorrow. It will take from 9 until 11 o’clock.

So at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning__________________________________________.

3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из будущих времен: Future Simple, Present Continuous или Future Continuous

1. I (to do) __________________ my homework tomorrow

2. I (to do) _____________________my homework at six o'clock tomorrow.

3. When I come home tomorrow, my family (to sleep) _________________________

4. When you come to my place tomorrow, I (to read) _____________________your book.

5. Don't come to my place tomorrow. I (to write) ________________a composition the whole evening.

6. I(not to go) _______________to the cinema tomorrow. I (to watch) _______________ TV the whole evening.

7. What you (to do) ___________________tomorrow?

8. What you (to do) ________________at eight o'clock tomorrow?

9. You (to play)_____________________ volleyball tomorrow?

10. I (to do) ____________________my homework from three till six.

Lexical theme: “Australia: political system”

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

Government – правительство

constitutional monarchy – конституционная монархия

to be represented – быть представленным

Governor General – генерал - губернатор

to be appointed – назначаться

Executive Council - Исполнительный совет

legislative body - законодательный орган

general direct vote – всеобщее прямое голосование

executive power - исполнительная власть

belong to - принадлежать

coalition – коалиция, союз

term – срок, период

to be chosen – выбираться

till – до

mostly – в основном, по большей части

depend upon – зависеть от

political affairs – политические дела

fully independent – полностью независимый

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

Australia is a constitutional monarchy, with the Queen of Great Britain at its head. It consists of six states and two territories.

The queen is represented by the Governor General, who is appointed by the Australian government. The Governor General appoints members of the Executive Council.

The main legislative body in the country is Federal Parliament. It consists of the Queen, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The members of the Senate are elected for a six-year term. There are ten senators from each state and two from each territory in the Senate. The House of Representatives is elected by general direct vote for a three-year term.

The executive power belongs to the queen and the government. It is headed by the Prime Minister. The ministers are chosen from members of Parliament and the Executive Council.

There are two major political parties in Australia: the Australian Labour party and a coalition of the Liberal and the Agrarian parties.

Till the 1930s Australia mostly depended upon Great Britain in its political affairs. But in 1931 Australia became fully independent from Great Britain.

Political map of Australia

3. Answer the following questions (Ответьте на следующие вопросы).

1. What are the main cities of Australia?

2. How many states and territories are there in Australia? What are they?

3. What is the official name of the country?

4. What is the capital of the country?

5. Who is the country's head of state?

6. What is the main legislative body in the country?

7. What does Federal Parliament consist of?

8. What are the main political parties in Australia?

Lesson 24

Grammar theme: The Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect обозначает действие, которое завершилось к настоящему моменту или завершено в период настоящего времени (в этом году, на этой неделе.)

Для Present Perfect характерны наречия:

already (уже), still (еще), yet (еще не), ever (когда-либо), just (только что)

recently (недавно), never (никогда), today (сегодня), this week (на этой неделе)

Настоящее совершенное время образуется при помощи глагола "to have" и смыслового глагола в 3 форме (окончание –ed, если глагол правильный и 3 столбик неправильных глаголов). В З лице единственного числа употребляется форма has.

We have bought a new TV set. Мы купили новый телевизор ( у нас есть новый телевизор).

He has washed his hands. Он вымыл руки. (руки у него чистые).

Чтобы задать вопрос в Present Perfect нужно поставить have/has перед подлежащим. А чтобы образовать отрицательную форму, нужно поставить отрицание "not" после глагола have/has:

II. Упражнения на закрепление грамматического материала (Exercises)

1 You are asking each other questions beginning Have you ever…? And answer. Задайте и ответьте на вопросы.

1. Paris_________________________________________________________________________

2. play golf; _____________________________________________________________________

3. Australia; _____________________________________________________________________

4. lose (терять) your passport. _______________________________________________________

5. sleep in a park; _________________________________________________________________

6. eat Chinese food; _______________________________________________________________

7. win (выигрывать) a lot of money; __________________________________________________

8. break your leg;(ломать ногу)______________________________________________________

9. get bruise;(получить синяк) ______________________________________________________

10. eat bugs (кушать жуков) _______________________________________________________

2 Put in gone or been

1. He’s on holiday at the moment. He’s________to Spain.

2. “Where’s Jill? “She’s not here. I think she’s___________to the bank.’

3. “Hello, Pat. Where have you __________?’ ‘I’ve__________to the bank.’

4. “Have you ever __________to Mexico?’ ‘No, never.’

5. My parents aren’t at home this evening. They’ve__________out.

6. There’s a new restaurant in town. Have you__________to it?

7. Paris is a wonderful city. I’ve__________there many times.

8. Helen was here earlier but I think she’s __________now.

3 Complete the sentences with for …or since… Заполните предложения, используя for …или since…

1. She is in London now. She arrived there four days ago. (She has been there for four days).

2. Jack is here. He arrived here on Thursday. He has______________________________________

3. It is raining. It started an hour ago. It’s been­­­­­­­­­­­­­­_______________________________________

4. I know Sue. I first met Sue two years ago. I’ve_______________________________________

5. I have a camera. I bought it in 1985. I’ve_______________________________________

6. They are married. They got married six month ago. They’ve_______________________________________

Present perfect and past simple

1.In these sentences the verbs are underlined. Are they right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong. Определите в правильном ли времени употреблены подчеркнутые глаголы. Если нет, исправьте.

1. Tom arrived last week. ___________________________________________

2. Have you seen Palm last week? ___________________________________________

3. When have you finished your work? ___________________________________________

4. George hasleft school three years ago. ___________________________________________

5. “Where’s Ann?” “She’s gone to the cinema.” ________________________________________

6. Napoleon Bonaparte has died in 1821. ___________________________________________

7. Have you ever been to Britain? ___________________________________________

8. I haven’t seen you at the party on Saturday. ___________________________________________

9. The weather has been very bad last week. ___________________________________________

2. Put the verb in the present perfect or the past simple

1. My friend is a writer. She…(write) many books. ___________________________________________

2. …(you/see) Alan last week? ___________________________________________

3. I…(play) tennis yesterday afternoon. ___________________________________________

4. What time…(you/go) to bed last night. ___________________________________________

5. …(you/ever/be) to the United States? ___________________________________________

6. When I was a child, I…(not/like) a sport. ___________________________________________

7. Kathy loves traveling. She…(visit) many countries. ___________________________________________

8. John works in a bookshop. He …(work) there for three years. ______________________________________

Lexical theme: “Interesting facts about Australia”

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

"the land of differences" – страна (земля) различий

native – местный

waterloving platypus – любящий воду утконос

leaves – листья

nothing more – ничего более

during – в течение

most of them – большинство из них

great danger – большая опасность

for that reason – по той причине

to be represented – быть представленным

coat-of-arms – герб

ostrich – страус

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

The StrangeWorld of Australian Animals

Australia has been called "the land of differences" and "the continent of contrasts".

Australia has the strange native animals. The strangest of all are the waterloving platypus and the echidna. Australia is also the home of the kangaroos.

The koala is a tree-loving, comical-looking animal, that lives on the leaves of eucalyptus trees. It will eat nothing more. It usually sleeps during the day.

The dingo, or wild dog, is the only killer among the native animals. You can meet dingoes in many parts of Australia, but most of them now live in mountains or hills. In some places they were a very great danger to sheep and many of them were killed for that reason.

The native birds of Australia are very interesting. The emu, for example, which, with the kangaroo, is represented on the Australian coat-of-arms, is the next-tallest bird in the world after the ostrich.

Australian coat-of-arms

Kangaroo Dingo Koala

Lesson 25

Grammar theme: The Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense обозначает действие, которое произошло до какого-то момента в прошлом.

Прошедшее совершенное время образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола had и смыслового глагола в 3 форме (окончание –ed, если глагол правильный и 3 столбик неправильных глаголов).

Чтобы задать вопрос в Past Perfect нужно поставить had перед подлежащим. А чтобы образовать отрицательную форму, нужно поставить отрицание "not" после глагола had:

+ She had written a letter by 5 o'clock on Saturday. |

- She had not written a letter by 5 o'clock on Saturday. |

| ? Had he written a letter by 5 o'clock on Saturday? |

| Yes, he had. No, he had not. (No, he hadn't.) |

Выражения - подсказки

by two o’clock - к двум часам

by noon -к полудню

by Saturday - к субботе

by the 15th of September -к 15 сентября

by then - к этому/тому времени

by that time - к тому времени

by the end of the week- к концу недели

by the end of the year -к концу года

Example:

1. By six o'clock on Sunday I had already learned all the words.

К шести часам в воскресенье я уже выучил все слова.

2. She had left by the 1st of June.

Она уехала (еще) до первого июня.

3. She had written only two letters by noon.

К полудню она написала только 2 письма.

Exercises:

1 Use the Past Perfect Tense.

1. Why didn’t you see Fred when you came to Moscow? (leave) Because I had left Moscow.

2. Why didn’t Kate want to go to the cinema? (see the film) ________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why didn’t you tell him my new address? (forget) ________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why didn’t Jeff hear about Kate’s examination? (pass) ________________________________________________________________________________

5. Why did Fred come so soon from his holiday? (spend all the money) ________________________________________________________________________________

6. Why couldn’t you get into your flat at once? (lose the key) ________________________________________________________________________________

7. What did you learn about Bob? (get married) _________________________________________

2 Make sentences using the words in brackets.

Example: His hair was wet. (He/just/have/a shower). He had just had a shower.

1. There was nobody at the platform. (the train/just/leave).

________________________________________________________________________________

2. We didn’t find anybody at home. (everybody/already/go out).

________________________________________________________________________________

3. The children were playing in the garden. (they/just/come/from school).

________________________________________________________________________________

4. Bob wasn’t at home when I arrived. (he/arrange/to meet/some friends/at the club).

________________________________________________________________________________

5. I couldn’t recognize the child after all that time (I/not/see/her/for seven years)

________________________________________________________________________________

3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect.

I. By eight o'clock yesterday I (to do) __________________my home­work and at eight I (to play) _____________________the piano. 2. By six o'clock father (to come) _____________________home and at six he (to have) ____________________dinner. 3. By nine o'clock yesterday grand­mother (to wash) _____________________the dishes and at nine she (to watch) _____________________TV. 4. When I (to meet) ________________Tom, he (to eat) _________________________an ice-cream which he (to buy) _____________________at the corner of the street. 5. When I (to come) _____________home, my sister (to read) __________________a book which she (to bring) ______________________from the library.

6. When mother (to come) _____________________home, the children (to eat) __________________the soup which she (to cook) _______________________in the morning.

7. When I (to ring) __________________up Mike, he still (to learn) _________________the poem which he (to begin) _______________________learning at school. 8. When I (to look) _________________________out of the window, the chil­dren (to play) ______________________with a ball which Pete (to bring) ______________________from home. 9. By ten o'clock the children (to set­tle) _______________________comfortably on the sofa and at ten they (to watch) ____________________a TV film. 10. When father (to come) ____________________home, we (to cook) ____________________the mushrooms which we (to gather) ___________________in the wood.

Lexical theme: “New Zealand: geographical position”

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

moist - влажный

iron and steel industry – черная металлургия и сталелитейное производство

petroleum - нефть

chief - главный

to be rich in – быть богатым чем-либо

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

New Zealand is an independent state. It has got total area of 269,000 square kilo­metres. It is situated to the south-east of Aus­tralia. The country is situated on two main islands — the North Island and the South Island. Nearly 3.5 million people live in the country. The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. The official languages are English and Maori. The climate of New Zealand is moist. New Zea­land is rich in minerals. There are some main industries in the country, for exam­ple, iron and steel industry. The country has gas and petroleum. There are many mountains in New Zealand. The highest is Mount Cook (12,349 feet).

There are many rivers and lakes in the country. The chief rivers are the Waikato and the Wairu. One of the native animals in the country is the kiwi. Kiwis can­not fly. The kiwi is now the symbol of the New Zealand peo­ple.

The map of New Zealand

3. Answer the following questions.

1. What is the total area of New Zealand?

2. Where is it situated?

3. What is the population of New Zealand?

4. What is the capital of New Zealand?

5. What are the official languages of New Zealand?

6. What climate does N.Z. have?

7. What is N.Z. rich in?

8. What are the main industries in the country?

9. What rivers can you call?

10. What can you tell about kiwi?

Lesson 26

Grammar theme: The Future Perfect Tense

The Future Perfect Tense обозначает действие, которое завершится к определенному моменту в будущем.

| by 3 o'clock |

| before you come |

| when he calls on |

+---------------------+

Будущее совершенное время образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола will have и смыслового глагола в 3 форме (окончание –ed, если глагол правильный и 3 столбик неправильных глаголов).

Чтобы задать вопрос в Future Perfect нужно поставить will перед подлежащим. А чтобы образовать отрицательную форму, нужно поставить отрицание "not" после глагола will:

We will have seen these films by the end of the week. Мы посмотрим эти фильмы к концу недели.

Will they have translated this work by six o'clock? Yes, they will. Они переведут эту работу к 6 часам? Да.

We will not (won’t) have painted the fence by six o'clock. Мы не покрасим забор к 6 часам.

Exercises:

1 Put the verb in brackets into the Future Perfect

1. I (translate) this letter by 6 o’clock this afternoon. ___________________________

2. I (make) this doll by her birthday. ___________________________

3. He (not learn) his lesson by tomorrow, if he has not yet begun to study it. ___________________________

4. After you finish this book, you (learn) over a thousand words. ___________________________

5. By the end of the month the commission (come) to some decision. ___________________________

6. If she returns after July 1, I won’t see her since I already (go) to the South by the time. __________________

2 Answer the questions in the Future Perfect Tense, using the words in brackets

Example: Will you be busy if I call you at six? (finish) – Oh, no, we will have finished by that time.

1. Will they be staying at the hotel tomorrow? (move to their new house).

________________________________________________________________________________

2. Will you be discussing the plan at 2 o’clock (make a decision).

________________________________________________________________________________

3. Will your students be writing a test at ten in the morning? (finish).

________________________________________________________________________________

4. Will your brother still be a student next autumn? (graduate).

________________________________________________________________________________

5. Will you still remember me in five years? (forget).

________________________________________________________________________________

6. Will he be at home on Saturday? (leave for Scotland).

________________________________________________________________________________

7. Will she be expecting your call tomorrow morning? (receive my letter).

________________________________________________________________________________

8. Will you be having a lesson when I come home? (go to the swimming-pool).

________________________________________________________________________________

3 Translate into English

1. К завтрашнему дню я закончу этот отчет. ___________________________________________________

2. Мы сделаем эту работу к трем часам дня. ___________________________________________________

3. К 20 июня мы сдадим все экзамены. ___________________________________________________

4. Строители построят эту школу к 1 сентября. _________________________________________________

Lexical theme: “New Zealand: political system”

self-governing – самоуправляющийся

1. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

New Zealand is a self-governing state and a member of the Commonwealth. The Governor-General represents the Queen of England. The Parliament consists of one House only, the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister is the head of the go­vernment. The main political parties are the Labour Party and the National Party of New Zealand.

There are some big cities such as Auck­land, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin, Nelson. Auckland, Dunedin, Wellington are the main ports of the country.

The capital of the country is Welling­ton. It is a financial centre too. The city was founded in 1840.

Lesson 27

Grammar theme: The First Conditional Sentences

Сложноподчиненные условные предложения состоят из двух частей: главного предложения и придаточного предложения условия. Придаточное предложение выражает условие совершения действия, главное – следствие, вытекающее из этого условия. Придаточные предложения условия обычно соединяются с главным предложением союзом if:

If you see Ann, tell her to ring me up. Если ты увидишь Анну, попроси ее мне позвонить.

Условные предложения I типа выражают реальные, осуществимые условия, обычно относящиеся к будущему (или настоящему) времени:

If the weather is fine, we shall come to you tomorrow. Если погода будет хорошая завтра, мы к тебе придем.

В условных предложениях I типа, относящихся к будущему, в придаточном предложении после союза if глагол употребляется Present Indefinite, а в главном предложении употребляется Future Indefinite или повелительное наклонение:

If we go to the cinema earlier, we shall be able to get good seats. Если мы придем в кинотеатр пораньше, мы сможем занять хорошие места.

If he comes, ask him to wait for me. Если он придет, попроси его подождать меня.

1. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения:

If I see Sarah, I'll invite her to the party.

If he asks me, I'll help him.

If you don't understand, I'll repeat.

They will go to the country, if the weather is fine.

If the weather is rainy, you will play at home.

If you get poor marks on your exams, you will be kicked out of college.

If you graduate from college with honors, we will present you a car.

2. Заполните вторую часть предложения

1. If you are busy, I__________________you alone.(leave)

2. If my friend comes to see me, I____________very glad. (be)

3. If mother __________ a cake (buy), we’ll have a very nice tea party.

4. If we receive a telegram from him, we ________________. (not worry)

5. If you __________________systematically (not work), you’ll fail the exam.

6. If I live in Moscow, I________________the Tretyakov Gallery every year.(visit)

7. If I get a ticket, I______________ to the Philharmonic.(go)

Lexical theme: “Interesting facts about New Zealand”

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

bird – птица

native- местный

wet – влажный

thick bushes – густой кустарник

at night – ночью

among – среди

flightless – нелетающий

common – распространенный

to lay an egg – откладывать яйцо

to feed – кормить

enough – достаточно

to hunt – охотиться

to permit – разрешать

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

The New Zealand KIWI

In New Zealand there are some birds which native only to that country. One of the most interesting is the kiwi. It lives in wet parts of the thick bushes. In the day time the bird does not go out. It comes out only at night to find food. Kiwis are among the smallest of the flightless birds. They are not common. The female kiwi usually lays one very large egg about ten centimeters long. Then male kiwi sits on it for about eighty days. He also feeds the chick until it is big enough to find its own food.

Many years ago kiwis were hunt­ed for food. Now the government does not permit the hunting of kiwis.

The kiwi is now the symbol of the New Zealand peo­ple. Small children are often called kiwis.

3. Answer the questions.

1. Where does kiwi live?

2. When does kiwi go out?

3. What is the symbol of the New Zealand peo­ple?

Lesson 28

Grammar theme: The Second Conditional Sentences

Условные предложения II типа выражают маловероятные и нереальные условия, относящиеся к настоящему или будущему времени:

If I had time now, I should go to the concert, but I’m busy. Если бы у меня было сейчас время, я бы пошел на концерт, но я занят.

В условных предложениях II типа в придаточном предложении употребляется Past Indefinite, а в главном предложении – сочетание should (would) с Indefinite (без to):

If he knew where we lived, he would send us a telegram. Если бы он знал, где мы живем, он бы послал нам телеграмму.

Примечания:

Глагол to be в придаточном предложении употребляется в форме were со всеми лицами единственного и множественного числа.

If I were you I should go to the doctor at once. Если бы я был на твоем месте, я бы сразу пошел к врачу.

Выполните следующие грамматические упражнения

1. Заполните предложение, употребляя глагол в скобках

1. If I ________ not busy (be), I should go to the concert.
2. They would all be surprised if I _____________ such a mistake.(make)
3. If he ______________ in time (not come), should we have to wait for him?
4. If no one came to help, we _____________________ to do the work ourselves. (be obliged)
5. If you put on your glasses, you _______________ better. (see)
6. What should we do if they _________ late? (be)
7. __________ you_______ very angry (be) if we didn’t come?
8. Would he be very displeased if I _____________ him up? (not ring)

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требуемой форме

1. If you (not to buy) ______________coffee, we shall drink tea.
2. If he is free tomorrow, he certainly (to come)_____________to our party.
3. If my friend (to work) in my office, we should meet every day.
4. If you spoke English every day, you (to improve)______________your language skills.
5. If you get a “five”, your mother (to be)_____________ happy.
6. If you (to be)____________a poet, you would write beautiful poetry.
7. If he didn’t read so much, he (not to know) ________________English literature so well.
8. If I were a famous singer, I (to get) ______________ a lot of flowers every day.

Lexical theme: “The Republic of Kazakhstan: geographical position”

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

distance – расстояние

to bordered by – граничить с

severe – суровый

sandy winds – песчаные ветры

to be found – находиться

to be mined – добываться

developed – развитый

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

I live in Kazakhstan. It is my native country. Kazakhstan lies in Asia. It occupies the territory of 2720000 km². The distance from west to east is 3000 km. Kazakhstan is bordered by China, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan.

In Kazakhstan we can find mountains, lowlands and highlands. There are many lakes in Kazakhstan. They are the Caspian and the Aral seas, the Balkhash. The longest rivers are the Irtysh, the Ishim, the Tobol and others.

The climate in our republic is very severe. We have the steppe climate. Winters are very cold and summers are very hot. In winter there is much snow and in summer sandy winds blow.

Kazakhstan is rich in natural resources. Oil and gas are found in the north-western parts of Kazakhstan. Coal is mined in the areas near Karaganda and Ekibastuz. Kazakhstan has a developed light industry and chemical industry.

Kazakhstan is divided into 14 regions. The main towns are Astana, Almaty, Karaganda, Shymkent, Semey, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Taraz, Kostanai, Pavlodar, Atyrau, Aktau, Aktobe and some others. Astana is the capital of Kazakhstan.

In Kazakhstan live people of more than 100 nationalities. The population of Kazakhstan is about 16 million people.

3. Answer the questions.

1. What is the total area of Kazakhstan?

2. What is the population of Kazakhstan?

3. What is the capital of Kazakhstan?

4. What climate does Kazakhstan have?

5. What is natural resources rich in?

6. What are the main industries in the country?

7. What rivers can you call?

8. What are the big cities in Kazakhstan

Lesson 29

Grammar theme: The Third Conditional Sentences

Условные предложения III типа выражают условия, нереализованные в прошлом, а поэтому совершенно невыполнимые:

If I had had time yesterday, I should have gone to the concert, but I was busy. Если бы у меня вчера было время, я бы сходил на концерт, но я был занят.

В условных предложениях III типа в придаточном предложении употребляется Past Perfect, а в главном предложении – сочетание should (would) с Perfect Infinitive (have V3)

If he had seen you yesterday, he would have told you about the meeting. Если бы он увидел тебя вчера, он бы сказал о собрании.

If it hadn’t rained last Sunday, we should have gone to the country. Если бы в прошлое воскресенье не шел дождь, мы бы поехали в деревню.

Exercises:

1 Заполните предложение, употребляя глагол в скобках

1. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) _______________________________you.
2. If I _________________________(know) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake.
3. If you ______________________________(arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat.
4. You would have seen my garden at its best if you ___________________________(be) here last week.
5. I wouldn't have believed it if I ___________________________(not see) it with my own eyes.
6. I _________________________(offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill.
7. If I ________________________(realise) what a bad driver you were I wouldn't have come with you.
8. If I had realised that the traffic lights were red I _____________________________(stop).
9. The hens ___________________________________(not get) into the house if you had shut the door.
10. If he had known that the river was dangerous lie ______________________(not try) to swim across it.

Lexical theme: “The Republic of Kazakhstan: political system”

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

according to – в соответствии с

judicial power – юридическая власть

main law – главный закон

unitary state – унитарное государство

presidential form – президентская форма

armed forces – вооруженные силы

commander-in-chief – главнокомандующий

representative body – представительный орган

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the main law of the country. According to the Constitution Kazakhstan is a unitary state with a presidential form of government. The head of the state is the President. The President has wide powers.

The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The president is elected for five years. The highest Representative body is the Parliament. The Parliament consists of two Houses: the Senate and the Majilis. The members of the Senate are elected for a period of 6 years. The members of the Majilis are elected for a period of 5 years. The Head of the Government is the Prime-Minister. Judicial power is represented by the Supreme Court.

3. Answer the questions.

1. What is the main law of the country?

2. Who is the head of the state?

3. What is the highest Representative body?

4. What does the Parliament consist of?

5. Who is the head of the government?

Political map of Kazakhstan

Lesson 30

Grammar theme: The Present Simple Passive

Когда в центре внимания говорящего находится лицо или предмет, который подвергается действию, или когда нет необходимости упоминать лицо, совершающее действие, употребляется страдательный оборот. В этом случае глагол стоит в страдательном залоге:

The USA is washed by the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. США омывается Атлантическим и Тихим Океанами.

Present Indefinite Passive образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в Present Indefinite (am, is, are) и третьей основной формы смыслового глагола (V3). Оно употребляется для выражения обычного постоянного действия:

I am always invited to the meetings of the English club. Меня всегда приглашают на собрания английского клуба.

Вопросительная форма Present Indefinite Passive образуется путем постановки вспомогательного глагола перед подлежащим:

Is English taught in all classes in your school? Английский язык изучается во всех классах в твоей школе?

В вопросах к подлежащему порядок слов не изменяется:

Who is invited to this party? Кто приглашен на эту вечеринку?

В отрицательной форме частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

This road is not used very often. Эта дорога не используется очень часто.

Exercises:

1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы Present Simple Passive.

1. Mу question always (to answer). ___________________________________________________

2 Hockey (to play) in winter. ________________________________________________________

3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. __________________________________________________

4. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. ___________________________________________

5. Bread (to eat) every day. _________________________________________________________

6. Many houses (to build) in our town every year. ________________________________________

7. This work (to do) today. __________________________________________________________

8. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons. __________________________________________

2. Составьте предложения из слов, стоящих в скобках, используя страдательный залог в настоящем времени.

Например, (this room/clean/every day) – This room is cleaned every day.

1. (how often/the room/clean?)___________________________________________________
2. (glass/make/from sand) _____________________________________________________
3. (stamps/sell/in a post office) ___________________________________________________
4. (football/play/in most countries) _______________________________________________
5. (this machine/not/use/very often) _______________________________________________
6. (what language/speak/in England?) _____________________________________________
7. (what/this machine/use/for?) __________________________________________________

Lexical theme: “The state symbols”

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

in the middle of – в середине

a soaring eagle – парящий орел

stripe - полоса

embodiment of peace and prosperity – воплощение мира и процветания

purity and nobility of the purposes – чистота и благородство целей

generosity - щедрость

badge - герб

to support the roof – поддерживать крышу

foundation - основание

unicorn - единорог

deep belief – глубокая вера

anthem - гимн

solemn song singing glory to pride, courage and valour – священная песнь, воспевающая славу гордости, храбрости и мужеству

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

The Flag The Kazakhstanee flag has a golden sun in the middle of a blue field, a soaring eagle beneath it and a stripe of a traditional ornament on the left. The blue colour of the flag symbolizes the blue sky, which has always been the embodiment of peace and prosperity for Kazakh people. It also demonstrates the purity and nobility of the purposes of the young state and their willingness to unity. The golden sun symbolizes peace and wealth because it gives people warmth and life. The Soaring eagle symbolizes independence of the young state and the nobility and generosity of Kazakh people. The flag was created by Shaken Niyazbekov.

The National Badge The national badge is a combination of objects that have a symbolic meaning and show the history of Kazakh people. In the middle of the badge we can see a shanyrak, which is the central and main part of the traditional Kazakh house yurta. The shanyrak supports the roof and serves as the foundation of the house. The foundation is directed at the sky. For Kazakh people the shanyrak has always been the symbol of home. It shows that Kazakhstan is a reliable home for all the people of Kazakhstan. On both sides of the badge we can see two unicorns or winged horses. In the past the winged horse was regarded as a sacred animal for Kazakh people. On the badge the unicorns are carrying the shanyrak high into the sky. In the highest point of the badge there is a star. The star on the badge shows the deep belief of the people in the victory and success. The national badge was designed by Zhandarbec Malibekov and Shota Valikhanov.

The National Anthem of Kazakhstan

A national anthem is a solemn song singing glory to pride, courage and valour. The music to our anthem was composed by Shamshi Kaldayakov. The words were written by Nursultan Nazarbayev and Zhumeken Nazhimedenov.

Lesson 31

Grammar theme: Modal verbs

В английском языке есть группа глаголов, которые выражают не действия, а только отношение к ним со стороны говорящего. Они называются модальными. С их помощью говорящий показывает, что то или иное действие является возможным или невозможным, обязательным или ненужным и т.д. К числу модальных глаголов относятся can (could), may (might), must (had to), ought, shall, should, will, need.

He саn swim. Он умеет плавать.

He may swim. Он может плавать (ему разрешено).

I must swim. Я должен плавать.

You should swim. Ты должен плавать (рекомендация).

She needs to swim. Ей надо плавать (необходимо).

Особенности модальных глаголов:

1. Инфинитив смыслового глагола употребляется без частицы to после всех модальных глаголов, кроме ought, to have и to be.

2. Вопросительные и отрицательные формы предложений, в которых имеются модальные глаголы, строятся без вспомогательного глагола do, за исключением глагола to have, например:

Must I come too? Я тоже должен прийти?

She cannot do it today. Она не может сделать этого сегодня.

3. Чисто модальные глаголы не имеют суффикса -s в 3-м лице единственного числа настоящего времени

1. Заполните предложения с помощью модальных глаголов can или may.

1._________ I come in?

2. I _________ not swim.

3. Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes _______get books there.

4. I _________ come and see you tomorrow if I have time.

5. Take your umbrella with you: it_________ rain today.

6. What is it? It_______be about six o’clock, but I am not sure.

2. Заполните предложения с помощью модальных глаголов must или had to.

1. The windows are very dirty. I __________clean them.

2. The windows were very dirty yesterday. I __________clean them.

3. I ________get up early tomorrow. I’ve got a lot to do.

4. Come on! We ____________hurry. We haven’t got much time.

5. He didn’t know how to use the computer. I __________show him.

6. These cakes are very tasty. You ________have one.

3. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Мне не надо мыть окна.____________________________________________________

2. Тебе следует продать свою старую машину.____________________________________

3. Я могу говорить на трёх языках.______________________________________________

4. Можно мне присесть здесь?__________________________________________________

5. Ты должен помыть свои волосы.______________________________________________

Lexical theme: «Astana – the capital of Kazakhstan»

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

developing - развивающийся

apartment blocks - многоэтажные дома

matching - соответствующие

construction - строительство

services - сфера обслуживания

fortification - укрепление

settlement - поселение

acquire - присваивать

special decree – специальный указ

mean – значить

transport hub – транспортный центр

leading – ведущий

meet – встречаться

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

Astana is the capital of Kazakhstan since 1997. It is a modern developing city. Present day Astana has new modern government and business offices, good quality hotels, apartment blocks matching the European standards, beautiful squares and boulevards, modern roads. Astana is situated on the banks of the Ishim.

The population of Astana is more than 500,000. The main spheres of Astana economy include construction and services.

Akmola was founded in 1830 as a fortification. Two years later the settlement was given the name of Akmolinsk, and in 1862 acquired the status of a town. The new name of Astana given to the city on May 6, 1998, by the special Decree of the President, means 'capital' in Kazakh language

At present, Astana serves as a transport hub in the very center of the Republic. All roads leading from Siberia to Central Asia, from China to Europe meet here.

1. What is the capital of Kazakhstan?
2. What is the population of Astana?
3. What are the main spheres of Astana economy?
4. What does “Astana” mean?

Baiterek Ak Orda

Lesson 32

Grammar theme: Infinitive

Инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола, которая только называет действие и выполняет функции как глагола, так и существительного.

He liked to spend his holidays by the riverside. – Он любил проводить выходные дни у реки.

I’m very glad to see you. – Я рад вас видеть.

Инфинитив может употребляться как с частицей to, так и без нее.

Инфинитив с частицей: I want to tell you about something.

It began to rain.

Инфинитив без частицы:

1. После модальных глаголов can (could), may (might), should, must, will, shall, would, had better.

I must go home. She can speak English.

2. После глаголов let, make, see, hear, feel, watch, notice and help.

Let’s go to the cinema. Sad movies make me cry.

1. Вставьте частицу “to” перед инфинитивом, где необходимо и переведите предложения на русский язык

1. I like …play the guitar. __________________________________________________________

2. My brother can…speak French. ____________________________________________________

3. We had …to put on our overcoats because it was cold. __________________________________

4. They wanted …cross the river. _____________________________________________________

5. It is high time for you… go to bed. _________________________________________________

6. May I …use your telephone? ______________________________________________________

7. They heard the girl …cry out with joy. ______________________________________________

8. He did not want…play in the yard any more. _________________________________________

9. Would you like…go to England? ___________________________________________________

10. You look tired. You had better … go home. _________________________________________

11. I wanted …speak to Nick, but could not…find his telephone number.

________________________________________________________________________________

12. It is time …get up. ____________________________________________________________

13. Let me…help you with your homework. ____________________________________________

14. I’d like…speak to you. _________________________________________________________

15. What makes you…think you are right? _____________________________________________

16. I like …dance. ________________________________________________________________

17. I saw him …enter the room. ______________________________________________________

18. She did not let her mother…go away. ______________________________________________

19. Do you like…listen to good music? ________________________________________________

20. That funny scene made me…laugh. ________________________________________________

Lexical theme: «My native town»

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

caravan way – караванный путь

pass – проходить

through – через

merchants - купцы

to carry goods – возить товары

famous – известный

to spend some years in exile – провести несколько лет в ссылке

library – библиотека

the museum of the Local Lore – краеведческий музей

exhibits – экспонаты

pine forest – сосновый бор

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

Semey

Semey is an old town. It was founded in the 18^th century. Semey was very important in the economic of our country. The caravan way passed from southern countries to the north through Semey. Merchants carried goods from China by Silk Road.

Semey lies on the banks of the Irtysh. It was a cultural center. Abai and M. Auezov lived and worked in it. F.M. Dostoevsky, a famous Russian writer, spent some years in exile in Semey. Today Semey is an industrial, cultural and economic center of our region. There are some factories in Semey. They produce clothes, food, machines, cement and other things.

Semey is a cultural center. There are many schools, colleges and institutes. There are some libraries, cinemas and theatres in Semey. People can visit the Dostoevsky museum, the Abai museum and others. The museum of the Local Lore has wonderful exhibits. Semey is a beautiful town. There are some parks and squares in it. It is famous for its pine forest. It is the world second largest after Canada.

Semey Bridge Drama Theatre

Church Mosque

Lesson 33

Grammar theme: Gerund

Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, которая имеет свойства, как глагола, так и существительного. Герундий выражает процесс, происходящий во времени.

I go in for swimming. Я занимаюсь плаванием.

Go on doing your exercises. Продолжай делать упражнения.

Функции герундия в предложении:

1.Герундий в функции подлежащего:

-Swimming is pleasant.

- Learning languages is hard work.

- Dancing is funny.

2.Герундий в функции именной части сказуемого:

- My favorite activity is reading.

- Her greatest pleasure was dancing

3. Дополнение:

I enjoy listening to good music.

1. Complete the following sentences using a gerund and translate them into Russian. (Заполните следующие предложения, используя герундий и переведите их на русский язык)

Example: I/m good at playing football.

a. (иметь трудности) I have difficulty in ..................................................................................

b. (интересоваться чем-то) I’m very interested in ....................................................................

c. (думать о чем-то) I’m thinking of ..........................................................................................

d. (беспокоиться о чем-то) I sometimes worry about ..............................................................

e. (благодарить за что-то) Thank you for .................................................................................

f. (с нетерпением ожидать чего-то) I’m looking forward to ..................................................

g. She left the room without .......................................................................................................

i. I stayed in bed all day instead of (вместо того, чтобы) ……………………………………………………………

Lexical theme: Holidays in Kazakhstan

1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

celebrate – праздновать

Independence Day – День Независимости

Victory Day – День Победы

evergreen – вечнозеленый

give presents to each other – дарить друг другу подарки

bright – яркий

joyful – радостный

to be held on – праздноваться

according to – согласно, в соответствии с

unity – единство

singing competitions – соревнования певцов (айтыс)

prosperity – процветание

generosity – щедрость

to be dedicated to – быть посвященным кому-то

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

In Kazakhstan people celebrate national, state, professional and other holidays. There are about fifteen official holidays in Kazakhstan. They are the Independence Day, Constitution Day, Victory Day and others. But only three of them are really popular: New Year’s Day, Nauryz and 8 March.

New Year’s Day is the biggest and greatest holiday for all people. People decorate evergreen trees and give presents to each other.

Nauryz is a warm, bright and joyful holiday celebrated in Kazakhstan. This holiday is held on the 22^nd of March. According to old traditions 22nd of March was the beginning of a new year. And people thanked nature in that day. This holiday means unity between people and nature. On Nauryz people do national sports and singing competitions and play national games. The traditional dish “Nauryz-kozhe” is cooked from 7 kinds of crops. It symbolizes richness, prosperity and generosity of the mother nature. On Nauryz people give souvenirs, sweets and flowers to each other.

Another holiday celebrated in Kazakhstan is March 8^th. It is an important holiday because it is dedicated to ladies.

Lesson 34

Grammar theme: Participle I, II

Participle I

Это неличная форма глагола, имеющая свойства, как глагола, так и прилагательного.

1. Внешне определяется по –ing.

2. Отражает незаконченный процесс.

3. Может быть в предложении:

А) определением – с

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