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Первый тип чтения английских гласных (алфавитное звучание)В коротких односложных словах, когда читаемая гласная стоит между двумя согласными, последняя из которых соседствует с «немой», не читаемой в конце слова буквой е [i:].
Второй тип чтения английских гласных (краткое звучание) Краткое звучание в полностью закрытом слоге, т.е. когда гласная находится между двумя согласными, но слог обязательно должен закачиваться на согласную.
Третий тип чтения английских гласных (долгое звучание) Сочетание буквы r [a:] с предшествующей гласной буквой.
Четвертый тип чтения английских гласных (дифтонгизация, трифтонгизация) Если за читаемой гласной следует буква r, а за ней еще одна гласная, то произношение меняется.
Exercises: Чтение английских гласных букв в открытом положении: 1. Прочтите слова и объясните, почему они так произносятся:
В, К, C, D, go, be, he, me, she, we, by, my, spy, try, fly, dry, cry, shy, pry, lo, no, so, Q, P, Z, V, T.
Aid, hail, claim, chain, waist, raise, bay, day, play, pray, stay, pay, sea, tea, beach, feast, breathe, free, tree, feed, beech, sleeve, freeze, die, lie, died, tried, bye, dyed, boat, cloak, foe, sloe, toe, pie, tie, ceaze, ceiling, week, sweep, dial, phial, bias.
Bake, pale, take, pane, tape, eke, eve, cede, globe, Crete, Swede, lime, mine, mite, side, size, style, hole, home, robe, rape, vote, yoke, duke, dupe, fume, mule, tube, tune.
Cede, seed, lone, loan, bike, bake, Jane, jade, baize, bays, lace, lake, beach, beech, mice, Mike, die, dye, cage, gage, vague, plague, guide, lie, lye, yale, due.
Fatal, vacant, raven, agent, bacon, typist, evil, famous, final, silent, pilot, tyrant, total, open, moment, human, student, pupil, music, cubic, client.
Чтение английских гласных букв в закрытом положении: 2. Прочтите слова и объясните, почему они так произносятся:
Pad, pat, bad, bat, fan, fat, van, vat, cell, tent, dell, den, keg, get, yet, yelp. Kid, kiss, grin, wig, wit, Lynn, Pym, Sod, sop, mod, moss, nod, hot, rod, yon, F, L, M. Nun, nut, hug, hut, ruff, buzz, gulf.
Sac, sack, lac, lack, lacks, lax, tacks, tax, links, lynx, sticks, Styx, cell, sell, cent, sent, hiss, his, lacks, bags, bets, beds, cups, cubs, pence, pens, phlox, flocks, fizz, phiz, fill, Phil, batch, badge, rich, ridge; bank, hang.
Bed, had; led, lad; Ned, pad; bet, net; bend, bent; bat, set, sat; land, lend; fact, pact, plan, flag, act; slap, slab; cup, cap; lit, lid; shot, shod.
Cab, cup, cling, crest, scrub; tacks, sacks, kicks, rocks, ducks, cell, cent, hence, rince, dunce, lick, lack, pick, pack, sick, sack, dick, dig, pick, pig, rick, rig, bank, ink, drink, drunk, fact, sect, back, neck, gem, gent, gin, gist, badge
Pit, pen, par, pun; fin, fen, fan, fun; tin, ten, tan, tun; red, rest, rent; risk, rim, did, tin, lid, nib, fill, drill, mill, mat, hot, pet, guest, press, stress, string, strong, stretch.
Sandal, vessel, system, children, absent, tempest, bonnet, pocket, commit, public, horrid, dwelling, summit, battle, bottom, seldom, lesson, dinner, waggon, parrot, butter, button, sister, doctor. Lapse, dense, steppe, twelve, bronze, solve.
3. Прочтите слова и объясните причину переосмысливания звукового восприятия английских гласных букв:
Bare, care, chair, hair, fair, mare, pair, dare, square, rare, hare, Here, mere, near, fear, beer, cheer, dear. Fire, briar, mire, tire, liar, byre, lyre, tyre, dire. More, shore, board, roar, horse. Cure, mure, pure, lure. Fare, fair, hare, hair, here, hear, dear, deer, tire, tyre, boar, bore, sore, soar. ,
Bar, far, jar, star, hard, farm, harsh, starve. Her, verb, serve, bird, skirt, shirt, herb, fern, berth, germ, verse, serve. Fir, sir, birch, girl, first, third. For, nor, sort, short, lord, horse. Urn, turn, nurse, burn, perfect, fur, furl, burn, hurt, curve, purse. Word, worm, work, world, worker, farmer, former, furnish, varnish. Earl, learn, early, earth, heard. Bar, bare, car, care, her, here, per, peer, fir, fire, sir, sire, or, ore, for, fore, cur, cure. 4. Прочитайте вслух следующие слова, обращая внимание на типы чтения гласных букв a) gap, gape, car, cape, war, was, angle, again, advantage, fare, law, air, path, glance, part, salt, blast, way, fall, saw, draft, spare, stranger, affair, gas, craft, marry, plant, take, what, may, after, advance, answer, scare b) dawn, half, talk, blast, trade, calf, raw, master, large, name, crawl, spare, arm, dare, fair, mark, grand, plane, mains, answer, again, assistance, daughter, warrant, father, dance c) jerk, appear, sphere, German, else, heat, certain, meat, clear, deep, cheer, carpet, manner, even, earn, rest, herd, meet, feast, new, here, neutral, fond, honey, ferment, prevail, great, be, there, university d) emission, special, lecture, nature, grasp, save, great, especially, serve, marry, new, flat, street, garden, painter, emotional, gather, sausage, partial, jelly, just, pleasure, measure, salt, parents, daughter e) long, brother, neighbour, snow, oval, piston, rooster, spoon, solid, cost, fool, roll, port, powder, boy, other, foot, look, mother, good, house, cook, fourth, toy, soap, pool, brought, mouse, open f) dusty, duck, blue, pull, crude, sun, cure, student, supply, suggest, nurse, rule g) thirst, dirt, high, life, behind, might, twice, sign, pioneer, girl, diet, chief, niece, dialogue, blind, desire, simple, swift, little, pit, first, circle h) carry, yard, worry, spy, reply, early, yet, apply, your, gym
5. Прочитайте следующие скороговорки как можно быстрее: 1) He went to sea to see what he could see and all he could see was sea, sea, sea. 2) I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice-cream. 3) If you, Andy, have two candies, give one candy to Sandy, Andy. 4) If white chalk chalks on a black blackboard, will black chalk chalk on a white blackboard? 5) How much wood would a wood-chuck chuck if a wood-chuck could chuck wood? 6) There’s no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight. 7) Smile a while and while you smile, other’s smile and then there’ll be miles of smiles. 8) Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you, it only doubles trouble and troubles others too 9) Why do you cry, Willy, Why do you cry? Why, Willy? Why, Willy? Why, Willy? Why?
Lesson 2 Grammar theme: Правила чтения гласных и согласных буквосочетаний 1. Чтение буквы Ss a) [s] – в начале слов, перед и после глухой согласной и в сочетании ss: send, spend, test b) [z] – после гласных и между гласными, на конце слов, после звонких согласных и гласных: as, days, nose, sees, pens с) Сочетание sh читается [ ] shop, dash d) Сочетание ssion читается [ ] session, commission, discussion 2. Чтение буквосочетания th a) [ ] – в начале и конце знаменательных слов: thin, thick, bath b) [ ] – в служебных словах, наречиях, местоимениях, а также между двумя гласными буквами: the, with, then, this, that, bathe 3) Буквосочетание ph читается [f]: photo, physical training, elephant 4) Чтение буквы Cc a) [s] – перед гласными буквами e, i, y: cent, face, city, cinema, cycle b) [k] – в остальных случаях: cat, come, cup, clean, coat с) Буквосочетание ck читается [k]: black, thick, neck d) Буквосочетание ch, tch читается [ ]: chess, child, watch, pitch e) Буквосочетание cial читается [ ]: special, social f) Буквосочетание cient читается [ ]: efficient 5) Чтение буквы Gg a) [ ] – перед гласными e, i, y: page, gin, age, gypsy, gem b) [g] – в остальных случаях: game, glad, go, gun, dag с) Буквосочетание ng читается [ ]: long, song, bring, English, angry d) Буквосочетание nk читается [ ]: ink, think 6) Чтение ‘oo’ читается как [ u: ] pool, food
Exercise: прочитайте вслух следующие слова, обращая внимание на чтение согласных букв a) thing, song, king, wrong, young, ring, morning, evening; b) ink, sink, mink, link, wink, drink, think, rink, thank; c) show, ship, shame, shore, share, shell, English, slush; d) thank, think, thin, thing, thirsty, thousand, three, throw, both, bath, cloth, earth; e) the, this, that, these, those, there, then, they, them, with, smooth, mother, brother; f) time, town, torn, concert, to the concert, straight to the concert, taxi straight to the concert, take a taxi straight to the concert; g) If a doctor is doctoring a doctor, does the doctor doing the doctoring have to doctor the doctor the way the doctor being doctored wants to be doctored or does the doctor doctor the way he usually doctors? h) care, case, cause, coat, call, cold, cards, class; i) gate, garden, grow, good, grass, green, great, guess, gun, game; j) know, knock, knee, knife, knew, knight; k) hook, stool, goose, tooth, foot, noon, moon, loose, shoot;
Lesson 3 Grammar theme: Личные местоимения в именительном и объектном падежах. Глагол "to be" в Present Simple.
Глагол "to be" в Present Simple Глагол «to be» употребляется, когда в предложении отсутствует смысловой глагол. Утвердительные предложения образуются с помощью глагола «to be», который употребляется после подлежащего. Глагол «to be» в настоящем простом времени имеет три формы: a) am – с местоимением I b) is - с местоимениями he, she, it c) are - с местоимениями you, we, they Example: I am a student. He is in the classroom. We are happy. Отрицательные предложения образуются с помощью отрицательной частицы not, которая употребляется после глагола «to be». Example: I am not a pupil. He is not (isn’t) in the classroom. We are not (aren’t) free. Вопросительные предложения образуются с помощью глагола «to be», который употребляется перед подлежащим. Example: Are you a student? Yes, I am. No, I am not. Is she 17? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. Am I right? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Exercises: 1. Вставьте "to be" в Present Simple, обращая внимание на личные местоимения. I ____ always glad to see them. When ___ he free? - He ____ free in the evenings. She ____ so happy! When _____ they at home? - They _____ at home in the morning. Who ____ill? - My mother _____. _____ you hungry? - No, I ____ not. ____ your sister at school? - No, she ___not. She ____not at school. Who ____ away? - Petrov ____ away. ____ I right? - Yes, you _____. How _____ you? – I ____ quite well, thank you. ______ you tired? - Yes, I ____. What ____ the weather like today? - It ____ cold. Who ____ absent? - All ____ present. I ____ thirsty. You _____ wrong.
2. Вставьте "to be" в Present Simple, обращая внимание на личные местоимения. 1. I ... a pupil. 2. My father ... not a teacher, he ... a scientist. 3. ... your aunt a doctor? - Yes, she ... . 4. ... they at home? - - No, they ... not at borne, they ... at work. 5. My brother ... a worker. He ... at work. 6. ... you an engineer? - - Yes, I.... 7. ... your sister a typist? No, she ... not a typist, she ... a student. 8. ... your brother at school? - - Yes, he ... . 9. ... your sister at school? - No, she ... not at school. 10. My ... sister ... at home. 11. ... this your watch? • Yes, it ... . 12. She ... an actress. 13. This ... my bag. 14. My uncle ... an office-worker. 15. He ... at work. 16. Helen ... a painter. She has some fine pictures. They ... on the walls. She has much paper. It ... on the shelf. The shelf ... brown. It ... on the wall. Helen has a brother. He ... a student. He has a family. His family ... not in St. Petersburg, it ... in Moscow.
3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to be в Present Simple и обращая внимание на употребление личных местоимений. 1. Я ученик. Я в школе. ____________________________ 2. Мой брат художник. Он не инженер. _____________________________ 3. Моя сестра на работе. Она врач. _____________________________ 4. Он студент.___________________________ 5. Вы студент? — Нет, я врач._____________________________ 6. Моя сестра дома. ____________________________ 7. Мы не в школе. Мы дома. _____________________________ 8. Мой брат ученик. Он в школе. ___________________________________ 9. Ваша мама дома? - Нет, она на работе. ________________________ 10. Ваша сестра учительница? - Нет, она студентка. _________________________________
4. Закончите предложения. Используйте личные местоимения I / me и т. д. I don't know those boys. Do you know _____ ? I'm talking to you. Please listen to _____ . He likes that ball. He wants to buy _____ . Where are the tickets? I can't find _____ . I don't like dogs. I'm afraid of _____ . We want to see them but they don't want to see _____ . Where is Ann? I want to talk to _____ . We are going to the cinema. Do you want to come with _____ ?
Lexical theme: Диалог "Встреча-прощание" 1. Прочитайте диалог по ролям, переведите его, выучите наизусть.
2. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания наизусть: How are you? – Как дела? Fine – хорошо Ок – пойдет, нормально, неплохо Excellent – отлично Bad – плохо So-so – так себе Nice to meet you. – Рад с тобой познакомиться. Too – тоже, также Call me. – Позвони мне. Have a nice day. – Хорошего дня.
3. Составьте свой диалог, используя нижеперечисленные фразы. - Hello! (Hi!/ Good morning (afternoon, evening)!) - How are you? (How are you getting on?) (Как дела?) - Fine, thanks (спасибо, хорошо). - Not too bad. (неплохо) - So – so. (так себе) - Can’t complaint. (не могу жаловаться) - Could be better. (могло быть лучше) - Let me introduce myself. My name is…(Позвольте представиться. Меня зовут…) - Nice to meet you (pleased to meet you, very nice to meet you) (рад с вами познакомиться) - Nice to see you (рад вас видеть) - Let’s go somewhere together. (Давай сходим куда-нибудь вместе.) - I don’t mind, but now I am in a hurry. (Я не возражаю, но сейчас я тороплюсь) - Good bye (до свидания!) (bye (пока), so long (пока, до встречи)) - See you later (увидимся) (tomorrow (завтра)/next week (на следующей неделе)) - I hope to see you again soon (надеюсь, что скоро увидимся). - Call me (Give me a call) (позвони мне) - Have a nice day!!! (удачного дня)
Lesson 4 Grammar theme: Притяжательные и указательные местоимения. Притяжательные местоимения указывают на принадлежность и отвечают на вопрос whose? (чей?). В английском языке притяжательные местоимения имеют две формы: 1.
Притяжательные местоимения первой формы выполняют в предложении функцию определения и стоят перед существительными: His pencil is on the table. 2.
Притяжательные местоимения 2-й формы заменяют существительное. Поэтому после этих местоимений существительное никогда не ставится. Take my pen. Mine (my pen) is better. This pen is mine. Возьми мою ручку. Моя (ручка) лучше. Эта ручка моя. Указательные местоимения (the demonstrative pronouns) указывают на предмет.
Местоимение this (these) употребляется при указании на ближайший предмет: This book is interesting. These books are interesting. Местоимение that (those) употребляется при указании на более удаленный от говорящего предмет: That book is on the table. Those books are on the table.
Exercises: 1. Выберите правильное слово. Используйте притяжательные местоимения: 1) Is that your/yours book? 2) That' not my/mine ball. My/mine is red. 3) They know our/ours friends, but we don't know theirs/them. 4) Bob has got a dog but I don't know it/its name. 5) These books are my/mine but this newspaper is your/yours. 6) My/mine hands are cold. 7) She went out to meet a friend of her/hers. 8) I gave him my/mine address and she gave me his
2. Заполните пробелы личными или притяжательными местоимениями 1) With whom? 2) John likes to play with m... 3) John likes to play with y... 4) John likes to play with h 5) John likes to play with h... 6) John likes to play with u... 7) John likes to play with y... 8) John likes to play with t... 9) I must visit ... father's sister on Monday. Will ... go with ...? 10) I am in front of the blackboard. The blackboard is behind ... 11) There are two children under the tree. Look at ... 12) This is my pencil and that is y.... 13) Is that picture yours? No, it's h... 14) This is our house and that one? That one is t...
Lexical theme: Диалог "Знакомство" 1. Прочитайте диалог по ролям, переведите его. - Hello! - Hi! - What is your name? - My name is Katya. And you? - My name is Sasha. Nice to meet you. - Nice to meet you too. - How old are you? - I am 16. And you? - I am 17. Where are you from? - I am from Semey. And you? - I am from Aktau. Where do you study? - I study at Semey Geological Prospecting College. And you? - I am too. What do you like doing in your free time? - Watching films, listening to music. And you? - Playing computer games. - Sorry, I must go. What is your telephone number? - 35-39-12 - I will call you in the evening. - Ok.
2. Выучите следующие слова наизусть: name – имя too – тоже, также where… from – откуда study – учиться like doing – нравиться делать free time – свободное время watch tv – смотреть телевизор listen to music – слушать музыку play computer games – играть в компьютерные игры chat – общаться speak on the phone – разговаривать по телефону train sport – заниматься спортом call – звонить
3. Переделайте диалог из упр.1, используя личную информацию и слова из упр.2, выучите диалог наизусть.
Lesson 5 Grammar theme: Множественное число существительных
Exercises: 1. Поставьте следующие существительные во множественное число (обратите внимание на артикли: неопределенный артикль во множественном числе опускается, определенный артикль сохраняется). A star________, a mountain_____________, a tree________, a shilling____________, a king___________, the waiter____________, the queen____________, a man_________, the man___________, a woman_____________, the woman____________, an eye_________, a shelf__________, a box__________, the city_____________, a boy_____________, a goose____________, the watch__________, a mouse___________, a dress___________, a toy___________, the sheep_____________, a tooth_________, a child__________, the ox___________, a deer_________, the life___________, a tomato____________.
2. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число. 1. This is a star. ______________________________ 2. This is a boy. ______________________________ 3. This is a baby. ______________________________ 4. That is a plate. ______________________________ 5. That is a flower. ______________________________ 6. That is a bookshelf. ______________________________ 7. Is this a sofa? ______________________________ 8. Is this a bookcase? ______________________________ 9. Is this a man? ______________________________ 10. Is that a ball? ______________________________
3. Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов. Много тетрадей_______________________, много молока__________________________, много воды______________________________, много дней__________________________, много газет_______________________________, много снега_________________________, много картин___________________________, много музыки_________________________, Мало домов__________________________, мало чая________________________________, мало яблок________________________, мало окон_________________________________, мало кофе_________________________, мало супу________________________________, мало деревьев________________________, мало сока________________________________, Немного денег________________________, несколько стульев______________________, несколько песен_____________________, немного воды________________________, несколько человек____________________, несколько кошек____________________________
Lexical theme: "About myself" 1. Прочитайте текст, подставьте свои данные в пропущенные места, дополните текст личной информацией. Let me introduce myself. My name is _______________. I was born on _____________, 19___, in ___________. My parents are ____________________. I have one brother and one sister. I am a student of Geological Prospecting College. I am a first-year student. We have 4 lessons a day. We have classes on English too. During our English classes we read and translate the texts, do grammar exercises. I like English very much. I am always very busy, but when I am free I like playing computer games and playing football. I like going to the cinema, bowling club and gym. My favorite sport is football. I have a lot of friends, but my best friend is Sasha. I like to travel. I am on friendly terms with my parents. I am very happy. 2. Выучите новые слова наизусть: let me introduce myself – разрешите мне представиться. to be born – родиться parents – родители brother – брат sister – сестра first-year student – первокурсник during – во время always – всегда busy – занятый free - свободный favorite – любимый a lot of – много to be on friendly terms with – ладить с кем-либо, быть в хороших отношениях с кем-либо 3. Просмотрите нижеперечисленные слова, они могут вам помочь при составлении текста о себе и своей семье. Nouns (существительные) 1. name; 2. student (pupil); 3. member; 4. mother (father, brother, sister, aunt, uncle, grandmother, grandfather); 5. teacher (accountant, engineer, doctor, shop-assistant, director, worker, policeman, manager, housewife); 6. reading (listening to music, watching TV, drawing, playing computer games (football, tennis, the guitar, the piano), sleeping, chatting, speaking on the phone, skiing, walking; 7. a pet (cat, dog, fish); 8. at the weekends; Verbs (глаголы) 1. To finish school (to graduate from college); 2. to consist of; 3. to work (as); 4. to look after; 5. to be fond of (to like, to be keen on, to be interested in); 6. to spend time; 7. to love each other; 8. When I have free time I like…9. to retire; 10. to have a very good time together; 11. to discuss problems; 12. to have duties about the house; Adjectives (прилагательные) 1. large (small); 2. happy (unhappy); 3. busy; 4. free; 5. nice; 6. clever; 7. kind; 8. beautiful; 9. old (young); 10. friendly 4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы письменно: 1. What is your name? ___________________________________________ 2. How old are you? _____________________________________________ 3. Where are you from?___________________________________________ 4. Where do you study?___________________________________________ 5. Where do you live?____________________________________________ 6. What do you like doing in your free time? ____________________________________________
5. Найдите все существительные во множественном числе в тексте «About myself» и выпишите их. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 6 Grammar theme: Притяжательный падеж существительных
Exercises: 1. Перефразируйте следующие словосочетания и предложения, употребляя притяжательный падеж. 1. The room of my friend. ___my friend’s room_________________________________________ 2. The questions of my son. _________________________________________________________ 3. The wife of my brother. __________________________________________________________ 4. The table of our teacher. __________________________________________________________ 5. The poems of Pushkin. ___________________________________________________________ 6. The voice of this girl. ____________________________________________________________ 7. The new club of the workers. ______________________________________________________ 8. The letter of Pete. _______________________________________________________________ 9. The car of my parents. ___________________________________________________________ 10. The life of this woman. __________________________________________________________
2. Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания: 1. тетради студентов___________________________ 2. семья моего друга ___________________________ 3. сумка Марата_______________________________ 4. папа этих детей_____________________________ 5. компьютер учителя__________________________ 6. мужские рубашки___________________________ 7. фотоаппарат Асели__________________________
3. Поставьте существительные в притяжательную форму: 1. (boy) The __________hat is red. 2. (boys) The __________hats are red. 3. (child) I fixed the __________bicycle. 4. (baby) The __________toy are in the box. 5. (wife) That is my _________coat. 6. (women) That store sells _____________clothes. 7. (yesterday) Did you read _______________newspaper.
Lexical theme: "My family" 1. Прочитайте текст "My family". Переведите. Подставьте личную информацию. Выберите предложения, которые подходят под описание вашей семьи, дополните текст и перескажите его. Our family is large (small, not very large). My family consists of seven (two, three, four, five, six) people: my mother, my father, my grandmother, my grandfather, my sister, my brother and me. My mother's name is … She is … years old. She is a teacher (a doctor, a worker, an engineer). My father's name is ... He is ... years old. He is a worker (a teacher, an engineer, a doctor, a businessman). My grandmother's name is ... She is ... years old. She does not work now, she is a pensioner. My grandfather' s name is... He is... years old. He is a pensioner too. My brother and sister are students (pupils). Their names are ... They are older (younger) than me. We are a very good family. We love each other very much. In the evenings we like to watch TV, to read books and newspapers, to talk about different things and to discuss all our problems together. When the weather is good we sometimes go for a walk.
2. Выучите новые слова: large-большой small-маленький consist of – состоять из mother-мама father-папа work-работать pensioner-пенсионер older (younger) – старше (младше) to talk about different things – разговаривать о разных вещах to discuss problems – обсуждать проблемы to go for a walk – гулять, ходить на прогулку sometimes – иногда each other – друг друга very much – очень сильно together – вместе weather – погода
3. Ответьте на вопросы письменно: 1. How many are there in the family? _________________________________________________ 2. Do you have a brother or a sister? __________________________________________________ 3. Where do your parents work? _____________________________________________________ 4. How old are your parents? ________________________________________________________ 5. What is your mother’s name?______________________________________________________ 6. What is your father’s name?_______________________________________________________ 7. Do you have grandparents?________________________________________________________ 8. What does your mother like doing? _________________________________________________ 9. What does your father like doing? __________________________________________________
Lesson 7 Grammar theme: Артикль. Виды артиклей. Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль. В английском языке имеется два артикля: неопределенный (a/an) и определенный (the). Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное или указательное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числительное или отрицание «no». Example: my life, this student, mother’s name, 2 books Неопределенный артикль a употребляется перед словами, начинающимися с согласных звуков a pen, a table; в форме an – перед словами, начинающимися с гласных – an apple, an umbrella. Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль a/an. Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль the. Example: He hasn’t got a car. But he has got a computer. The computer is new. Неопределенный артикль a/an может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми существительными, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным ,так и со множественным числом. Example: This is a book. The book is interesting. This is meat. The meat is fresh. These are books. The books are good. Exercises: 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? — No, it isn't my ... pencil, it is ray sister's ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister's ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. Is this ... watch? — No, it isn't ... watch, it's ... pen. 6. This ... pen is good, and that ... pen is bad. 7. I can see ... pencil on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 8. Give me ... chair, please. 9. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 10. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it. 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 2. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 3. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 4. Our ... room is large. 5. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 6. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 7. My ... brother's ... friend has no ... dog. 8. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 9. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 10. I got ... letter from my ... friend yesterday. ... letter was interesting. 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice-cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. She bought... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea. 9. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 10. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sister's ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow. 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... students. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no'... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school. 11. Is your father at ... home? — No, he is at ... work. 12. Where is your ... brother? — He is at ... home.
Lexical theme: "My daily life"
1. Прочитайте текст, переведите, переделайте текст под себя, перескажите. My every day activities are quite routine. I get up at 7 o’clock in the morning, do physical exercises, wash, clean my teeth and make my bed. Then I have breakfast. At ten to eight I leave for college. I go to college five days a week. It takes me twenty minutes to get to college by bus. At college I usually have 4 different lessons. They are over at 3 p.m. 3 times a week after lessons I visit English course, additional lessons or sport gym. Then I go home. At home I have dinner and have a rest. At about 7 o’clock I begin to do my homework. It takes me two-three hours to do it. If I have free time I can read something interesting, play computer games, chat with my friends on the phone or by Internet or listen to music. At 11 p.m. I try to go to bed.
2. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания наизусть. routine – однообразный, рутинный to get up – вставать (по утрам) to do physical exercises (делать зарядку) to wash - мыться to clean teeth – чистить зубы to make bed – заправлять кровать to have breakfast - завтракать to take somebody to do something – занимает время It takes me 3 hours to do my homework. – Это занимает 3 часа, чтобы сделать домашнее задание. to leave for – уходить (куда-то) to be over - заканчиваться 3 times – 3 раза additional lessons – дополнительные занятия (отработки) to go home – идти домой to have dinner - обедать to have a rest - отдыхать free time – свободное время to chat with friends – общаться с друзьями on the phone – по телефону to go to bed – ложиться спать
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Lesson 8 Сводная таблица употребления артикля
Exercises: 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. This is ... good ... book. Take ... book from ... table. Put this ... book into ... bookcase. 2. ... weather is fine today. ... sky is blue. ... sun is shining brightly in ... blue ... sky. 3. This is ... boy. ... boy is at... school. He is ... pupil. This ... boy is my ... brother's ... friend. He has ... cat, but he has no ... dog. He likes his ... cat. He gives ... cat ... milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received ... letter from my ... friend. ... letter was interesting. 5. We live in... big house. I like ... house very much. 6. Are you ... worker? — No, I am ... student. 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо, 1. What do you do after ... breakfast? — After ... breakfast I go to ... school. 2. My granny likes • to read ... book after ... lunch. 3. ... people usually have ... breakfast in ... morning. They have) ... dinner in... afternoon. In ... evening ... people have ... supper. 4. There is a proverb: "After ... dinner sleep awhile, after ... supper walk ... mile. 5. Who cooks ... dinner in your family? 6. Yesterday lather told us ... very interesting story at ... breakfast. 7. What did you have for ... lunch at... school on ... Wednesday? — We had ... salad and ... tea. 8. My mother never has ... supper with ... family because she does not like to eat in ... evening. 9. When do you clean your teeth in ... morning: before ... breakfast or after ... breakfast? 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо 1.... Moscow is situated on ... Moscow River. ... Moscow is a river that moves very slowly. There is ... canal called ... Moscow-Volga Canal which joins ... Moscow to ... Volga. ... Volga runs into ... Caspian Sea. 2. Several rivers run into ... sea at... New York. ... most important is ... Hudson River which empties into ... Atlantic Ocean. Besides ... Hudson there are ... two other rivers: ... East River and ... Harlem River. 3. In ... Siberia there are many long rivers: ... Ob, ... Irtysh, ... Yenissei, ... Lena and ... Amur. 4. ... Altai Mountains are ... higher than ... Urals. ... 5. Thames is ... short river. 6. ... Russia is washed by ... Arctic Ocean in ... north. 7. Kiev is to ... south of ... Moscow. 8. ... Europe is ... continent. 9. ... Moscow is ... capital of ... Russia. 10. Is ... Asia ... island or ... continent? 11. ... Black Sea is in ... south of our country. 12. ... White Sea is in ... north of our country. 13. This is ... map of ... world. What can you see on ... map? What ... colour are ... valleys on ... map? 14. Petrov is ... architect. He is ... experienced architect. He is in ... Far East. He has ... wife. His wife is ... typist. They have ... son and ... daughter. 15. ... Philippines are situated to ... south-east of ... Asia.
Lexical theme: "My college"
1. Прочитайте текст, переведите, перескажите. Можете дополнить своей информацией.
Semey Geological Prospecting College was established in 1931. There are several specialities at the college: geology, ecology, hydrology, drilling, geophysics and programming. The lessons begin at 8.15 and end at 3. After the second lesson we have a break at 11.15. Our canteen is quite comfortable and cosy. Our students pay a great attention to sport. Our students are interested in basketball, football, volleyball, tourism, tennis, wrestling, etc. The library at the college has a great number of geological books and magazines. There is a large reading-hall where we can do our homework. The classrooms and laboratories at our college are large and light. There is a comfortable hostel where students from different parts of our country live. It is situated near the college.
2. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания наизусть.
Vocabulary: to be established – быть основанным speciality - специальность hydrology - гидрогеология drilling - бурение to end - заканчиваться to have a break - отдыхать canteen - столовая quite - довольно comfortable - удобный cosy - уютный to pay attention – обращать внимание на… to be interested in – быть заинтересованным library - библиотека magazine - журнал reading-hall – читальный зал large - большой light - светлый hostel - общежитие different – различный, разный to be situated - располагаться
3. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
1. When was Semey Geological Prospecting College established? 2. What specialities are there at the college? 3. What time do the lessons start? 4. What time do the lessons finish? 5. Where do students from different parts of our country live? 6. What do you like (dislike) in the college?
Lesson 9 Grammar theme: Оборот there is/are Оборот there is/are употребляется для выражения наличия в определенном месте лица (лиц) или предмета (предметов), еще неизвестных собеседнику. Оборот there is/are имеет значение «есть, находится, имеется». Перевод предложений с оборотом there is/are начинается с обстоятельства места, причем сам оборот на русский язык обычно не переводится: There is a book on the table. – На столе лежит книга. В вопросительной форме глагол to be ставится перед there: Is there a library at the college? Yes, there is. (No, there isn’t)– В колледже есть библиотека? Да, есть. (Нет) Отрицательная форма оборота there is образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы not, которая ставится непосредственно после глагола to be: There isn’t a book in my bag. There aren’t any books on the table. Употребление оборота there is или there are зависит от числа первого существительного, стоящего после оборота. Если существительное стоит в единственном числе, то используется оборот there is, если во множественном – то there are. There is a sofa and two armchairs in the living-room. There are two armchairs and a sofa in the living-room.
Exercises: 1. Употребите правильно оборот there is/are. Treasure hunt _______________a house on a hill. _______________an attic in the house. _____________a red roof on the house and a balcony. Downstairs _____________a kitchen and a living room. In the kitchen __________a table but ______________not any chairs. On the table ____________a lot of cups and some saucers. _____________a cupboard and _____________a lot of mugs in it. In the living room ______________two armchairs and a sofa. Upstairs ____________two bedrooms. ____________not a bathroom in the house. In one bedroom ____________a bed. _______________not any curtains on the windows. In the other bedroom ______________a fireplace. Near the fireplace ___________a box and in the box ____________a key.
2. Конструкция с there обозначает нахождение какого-то предмета в каком-то месте, например, there is a table in the room. Конструкция с it обозначает природные явления: It often rains in autumn. It is cold here. Выберите правильную конструкцию It is…or There is/are 1. _______cold in the house today. 2. ___________a desk in the classroom. 3._____________pictures on the wall. 4. ____________five o’clock now. 5. ________is often very hot in Africa. 6. ____________many cars in the street. 7.___________a women with a baby on the chair. 8. ____________nice to see you. 9. __________milk in the cup. 10. ___________three mugs on the table. 11.__________late already. 12. ___________nothing in my bag. 3. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык, используя оборот there is/are: 1. В моей комнате стоит компьютер на столе. 2. В моем доме 4 комнаты. 3. Справа стоит шкаф для одежды, а слева большое зеркало. 4. В этой библиотеке много английских книг. 5. В моем гараже стоят 3 машины. 6. В его комнате нет телевизора. 7. В твоей кухне есть микроволновая печь? Да, есть. 8. В моей ванной комнате стоит стиральная машина.
Lexical theme: "My flat/house" 1. Прочитайте текст, переведите.
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